Comparison of Staphylococcus Phage K with Close Phage Relatives Commonly Employed in Phage Therapeutics

Ajuebor, Jude; Buttimer, Colin; Arroyo-Moreno, Sara; Чанішвілі, Ніна; Gabriel, Emma M.; O’Mahony, Jim; McAuliffe, Olivia; Neve, Horst; Franz, Charles M. A. P.; Coffey, Aidan

doi:10.3390/antibiotics7020037

Cited by 40 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Most staphylophages detected in commercial preparations belong to the Myoviridae family, namely to the Kayvirus 4 , 24 . The Myoviridae phages are associated with the lytic life cycle and characterized by the high efficiency of the bacterial lysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Host range determination of individual bacteriophages and the ability of therapeutic phage cocktails to produce plaques were performed by the plaque assay as previously described with some modifications 4 , 5 , 24 . Five microliters of phage lysate at a titer of 10 6 PFU/ml or five microliters of the commercial therapeutic bacteriophage cocktail was spotted on indicator plates, which contained 100 µl of late log phase cultures of investigated strains (10 6 CFU) and 5 ml of top LB agar (0.6% w/v).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contribution of Podoviridae and Myoviridae bacteriophages to the effectiveness of anti-staphylococcal therapeutic cocktails

Kornienko

Kuptsov

Gorodnichev

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Bacteriophage therapy is considered one of the most promising therapeutic approaches against multi-drug resistant bacterial infections. Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus are very efficiently controlled with therapeutic bacteriophage cocktails, containing a number of individual phages infecting a majority of known pathogenic S. aureus strains. We assessed the contribution of individual bacteriophages comprising a therapeutic bacteriophage cocktail against S. aureus in order to optimize its composition. Two lytic bacteriophages vB_SauM-515A1 (Myoviridae) and vB_SauP-436A (Podoviridae) were isolated from the commercial therapeutic cocktail produced by Microgen (Russia). Host ranges of the phages were established on the panel of 75 S. aureus strains. Phage vB_SauM-515A1 lysed 85.3% and vB_SauP-436A lysed 68.0% of the strains, however, vB_SauP-436A was active against four strains resistant to vB_SauM-515A1, as well as to the therapeutic cocktail per se. Suboptimal results of the therapeutic cocktail application were due to extremely low vB_SauP-436A1 content in this composition. Optimization of the phage titers led to an increase in overall cocktail efficiency. Thus, one of the effective ways to optimize the phage cocktails design was demonstrated and realized by using bacteriophages of different families and lytic spectra.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of Podoviridae and Myoviridae bacteriophages to the effectiveness of anti-staphylococcal therapeutic cocktails

Kornienko

Kuptsov

Gorodnichev

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Isopycnic centrifugation through CsCl gradients was performed as previously described, with modifications (Ajuebor et al, 2018). A high titer phage lysate was precipitated using polyethylene glycol (15% w/v PEG8000, 0.5M NaCl) at 4 • C overnight and centrifuged at 12000 × g for 20 min at 4 • C. Thereafter, the pellet was resuspended in SM buffer.…”

Section: Cscl Gradient Purification and Electron Microscopic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Characterization of the Novel Phages vB_VpS_BA3 and vB_VpS_CA8 for Lysing Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Yang

Liang

Huang³

et al. 2020

Front. Microbiol.

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Accumulating evidence has indicated that the multiple drug resistant Vibrio parahaemolyticus may pose a serious threat to public health and economic concerns for humans globally. Here, two lytic bacteriophages, namely vB_VpS_BA3 and vB_VpS_CA8, were isolated from sewage collected in Guangzhou, China. Electron microscopy studies revealed both virions taxonomically belonged to the Siphoviridae family with icosahedral head and a long non-contractile tail. The double-stranded DNA genome of phage BA3 was composed of 58648 bp with a GC content of 46.30% while phage CA8 was 58480 bp with an average GC content of 46.42%. In total, 85 putative open reading frames (ORFs) were predicted in the phage BA3 genome while 84 were predicted in that of CA8. The ORFs were associated with phage structure, packing, host lysis, DNA metabolism, and additional functions. Furthermore, average nucleotide identity analysis, comparative genomic features and phylogenetic analysis revealed that BA3 and CA8 represented different isolates but novel members of the family, Siphoviridae. Regarding the host range of the 61 V. parahaemolyticus isolates, BA3 and CA8 had an infectivity of 8.2 and 36.1%, respectively. Furthermore, ∼100 plaque-forming units (pfu)/cell for phage BA3 and ∼180 pfu/cell for phage CA8 were determined to be the viral load under laboratory growth conditions. Accordingly, the phage-killing assay in vitro revealed that phage CA8 achieved approximately 3.65 log unit reductions. The present results indicate that CA8 is potentially applicable for biological control of multidrug resistant V. parahaemolyticus.

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“…Even though the Stab phages had distinct host ranges, with Stab20 and Stab21 having a wide and Stab22 and Stab23 a narrow host range, their genomes proved to be closely related to other phages of therapeutic and biocontrol significance such as phage Sb-1 [31,57]. Proteomic analysis depicted uniformity among some of their structural proteins with the Staphylococcus phage K and other members of Kayvirus genus [58]. These Stab phages were stable at temperatures below 40 • C, between pH 5.4-9.4, and could resist U.V energy up to 25 µJ/cm 2 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioprospecting Staphylococcus Phages with Therapeutic and Bio-Control Potential

Oduor

Kadija

Nyachieo

et al. 2020

Viruses

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Emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a serious threat to the public health. This is also true for Staphylococcus aureus and other staphylococci. Staphylococcus phages Stab20, Stab21, Stab22, and Stab23, were isolated in Albania. Based on genomic and phylogenetic analysis, they were classified to genus Kayvirus of the subfamily Twortvirinae. In this work, we describe the in-depth characterization of the phages that electron microscopy confirmed to be myoviruses. These phages showed tolerance to pH range of 5.4 to 9.4, to maximum UV radiation energy of 25 µJ/cm2, to temperatures up to 45 °C, and to ethanol concentrations up to 25%, and complete resistance to chloroform. The adsorption rate constants of the phages ranged between 1.0 × 10−9 mL/min and 4.7 × 10−9 mL/min, and the burst size was from 42 to 130 plaque-forming units. The phages Stab20, 21, 22, and 23, originally isolated using Staphylococcus xylosus as a host, demonstrated varied host ranges among different Staphylococcus strains suggesting that they could be included in cocktail formulations for therapeutic or bio-control purpose. Phage particle proteomes, consisting on average of ca 60–70 gene products, revealed, in addition to straight-forward structural proteins, also the presence of enzymes such DNA polymerase, helicases, recombinases, exonucleases, and RNA ligase polymer. They are likely to be injected into the bacteria along with the genomic DNA to take over the host metabolism as soon as possible after infection.

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Comparison of Staphylococcus Phage K with Close Phage Relatives Commonly Employed in Phage Therapeutics

Cited by 40 publications

References 63 publications

Contribution of Podoviridae and Myoviridae bacteriophages to the effectiveness of anti-staphylococcal therapeutic cocktails

Contribution of Podoviridae and Myoviridae bacteriophages to the effectiveness of anti-staphylococcal therapeutic cocktails

Isolation and Characterization of the Novel Phages vB_VpS_BA3 and vB_VpS_CA8 for Lysing Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Bioprospecting Staphylococcus Phages with Therapeutic and Bio-Control Potential

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