Comparison of Stopping Rules in Forward "Stepwise" Regression

Bendel, Robert B.; Afifi, A. A.

doi:10.2307/2286904

Cited by 340 publications

(260 citation statements)

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“…Separate equations were fitted for subjects without carotid atherosclerosis at the 1990 baseline (incidence of non-stenotic atherosclerosis during follow-up: yes vs no) and in those with pre-existing lesions (incident stenotic atherosclerosis during followup: yes vs no). The p values for entry and removal of variables, were set at 0.10 and 0.15 [42,43]. The analysis selected variables for inclusion among all those given in Table 1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired glucose tolerance, Type II diabetes mellitus and carotid atherosclerosis: prospective results from the Bruneck Study

et al. 2000

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Atherosclerotic vascular diseases such as myocardial infarction, stroke and lower extremity arteriopathy are well-known severe complications of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus [1±7] and account for up to 60±70 % of deaths in diabetic subjects [8]. Impaired glucose tolerance and Type II diabetic patients often have, however, multiple metabolic, haemodynamic and haemocoagulative defects such as high triglycerides and low HDL cholesterol, high blood pressure and high fibrinogen [9±15], which are cardiovascular risk factors in themselves [16]. These defects can precede the development of glucose intolerance by several years [17, 18]. Thus, the independent contribution of glucose intolerance and its bio- Diabetologia (2000) Abstracts Aims/hypothesis. Cardiovascular disease is a wellknown severe complication of impaired glucose tolerance and Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. The independent contribution of glucose intolerance to cardiovascular disease and the underlying pathogenic mechanisms are still, however, not clear. Methods. In this prospective population-based study, 826 subjects aged 40±79 years underwent high resolution duplex ultrasound examinations of carotid arteries and extensive clinical and laboratory screenings for potential vascular risk factors at baseline and 5 years later. The ultrasound protocol involved measurements of maximum axial diameter of atherosclerotic plaques, if any, in common and internal carotid arteries on both sides and enable differentiation of two main stages in carotid artery disease, termed early non-stenotic and advanced stenotic atherosclerosis. Intima-media thickness was assessed at the follow-up examination. Results. Type II diabetes and, to a lesser extent, impaired glucose tolerance were found to be statistically significant risk predictors of 5-year changes in carotid atherosclerosis. These associations were in part independent of other vascular risk factors typically clustering with glucose intolerance. Both impaired glucose tolerance and Type II diabetes mellitus were not independently related to early non-stenotic atherosclerosis. In contrast, Type II diabetes mellitus was the strongest single risk predictor of advanced stenotic atherosclerosis [odds ratio 5.0 (95 % confidence intervals 2.3±11.1)] and impaired glucose tolerance was of relevance as well [odds ratio 2.8 (1.2±6.4)] (p < 0.001). Conclusion/interpretation. Impaired glucose tolerance and, to a greater extent, Type II diabetes were strong independent predictors of advanced carotid atherosclerosis in our prospective population-based study. [Diabetologia (2000) 43: 156±164]

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired glucose tolerance, Type II diabetes mellitus and carotid atherosclerosis: prospective results from the Bruneck Study

et al. 2000

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“…The first model included all the variables found significant at P< 0.20 in the univariate level of analysis. (A Pvalue of 0.20 was used as the cut-off since using a more traditional level [P < 0.05] often failed to identify variables known to be important (Bendel and Afifi 1977). Further variable selection in the model was conducted by using backward elimination.…”

Section: Ethicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Demographic variables such as age and gender and clinical variables such as Karnofsky status, time since cancer diagnosis and months using morphine and creatinine and albumin levels were included in the model. Variables found in the univariate analysis to be significantly associated with morphine dose at a level of p<0.20 (Bendel and Afifi 1977), were next entered into a multivariate logistic regression analysis with the purpose of building a model to determine the predictive value of genotype on morphine dose. Results showed that joint Val158Met and A118G genotypes, months using morphine and time since cancer diagnosis as significant variables in predicting morphine dose.…”

Section: Multivariable Regression Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring joint effects of genes and the clinical efficacy of morphine for cancer pain: OPRM1 and COMT gene

Reyes‐Gibby

Shete²,

Rakvåg

et al. 2007

Pain

278

191

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Pain is a complex human trait. It is likely that the interaction of multiple genes, each with a small individual effect, along with the effect of environmental factors, influences the clinical efficacy of opioids rather than a single gene alone. Polymorphisms in genes coding for the mu-opioid receptor (A118G) and catechol-O-methyl transferase (Val158Met) may be important modulators of opioid efficacy. We assessed joint effects of the OPRM1 and COMT genes in predicting morphine dose for cancer pain relief. We used genotype and clinical data from a pharmacokinetic study of morphine in 207 inpatients treated with stable morphine dose for at least 3 days by Palliative Medicine Specialists. Results showed significant variation in morphine dose requirement by genotype groups: carriers of COMT Val/Val and Val/Met genotype required 63% and 23%, respectively, higher morphine dose compared to carriers of Met/Met genotype (p=0.02). Carriers of OPRM1 GG genotype required 93% higher morphine dose compared to carriers of AA genotypes (p=0.012). When we explored for joint effects, we found that carriers of the OPRM1 AA and COMT Met/Met genotype required the lowest morphine dose to achieve pain relief (87mg/24h; 95% CI=57,116) and those with neither Met/Met nor AA genotype needed the highest morphine dose (147mg/24h; 95%CI=100;180). The significant joint effects for the Met/Met and AA genotypes (p<0.012) persisted, even after controlling for demographic and clinical variables in the multivariable analyses. Future studies are needed to further characterize the joint effects of multiple genes, along with demographic and clinical variables, in predicting opioid dose.

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“…To ensure that any potentially important predictors were not excluded and also because of a low number of predictor variables, any variables with the borderline significance level of 0.10-0.25 were also included in the multivariate analysis. 15 The subset for the final model was then analyzed with multiple logistic regression analysis to test which factors could be dropped from the model and finally determine the risk factors significantly associated with STH infection. The final model was interpreted by using an adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns and Risk Factors of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis Among Orang Asli Subgroups in Peninsular Malaysia

Ngui¹,

Shafie²,

Chua³

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. A cross-sectional study was conducted to provide comprehensive data on the patterns and associated risk factors of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections among five Orang Asli subgroups in Peninsular Malaysia. The overall prevalence of STH infections was 59.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 56.1-63.7%). Trichuris trichiura (54.3%; 95% CI = 50.4-58.2%) was the predominant species followed by Ascaris lumbricoides (26.7%; 95% CI = 23.3-30.1%) and hookworm (9.1%; 95% CI = 6.9-11.3%). This study showed diversity for STH infections by subgroup with poverty and personal sanitary behavior as important risk factors for infection. Risk profile analyses indicating that Orang Kuala subgroup who has a generally well-developed infrastructure and better quality of life had a low rate of infection. There is a need for poverty reduction and promotion of deworming programs along with mass scale campaigns to create awareness about health and hygiene to reduce STH infections.

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Comparison of Stopping Rules in Forward "Stepwise" Regression

Cited by 340 publications

References 0 publications

Impaired glucose tolerance, Type II diabetes mellitus and carotid atherosclerosis: prospective results from the Bruneck Study

Impaired glucose tolerance, Type II diabetes mellitus and carotid atherosclerosis: prospective results from the Bruneck Study

Exploring joint effects of genes and the clinical efficacy of morphine for cancer pain: OPRM1 and COMT gene

Patterns and Risk Factors of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis Among Orang Asli Subgroups in Peninsular Malaysia

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