Comparison of the Amounts of Endotoxin Released from Escherichia coli after Exposure to Antibiotics and Ozone: an In Vitro Evaluation

Abstract

ABSTRACT. Antibiotic therapy administered for treatment of gram-negative bacterial infections can exert a negative effect in the form of endotoxin shock. Therefore, a sterilization method that releases little endotoxin is required. This in vitro study aimed to compare the amounts of endotoxin released from Escherichia coli exposed to antibiotics (aminobenzylpenicillin, kanamycin, oxytetracycline, sulfadimethoxine and enrofloxacin) or ozone. The bacterial growth and amount of endotoxin released were measured at specific time points. Compared with antibiotic treatment, ozone sterilization induced release of smaller amounts of endotoxin from the bacteria. Moreover, no major differences were observed when ozone was used against the purified endotoxin. We conclude that compared with antibiotic treatment, ozone sterilization may release smaller amounts of endotoxin. KEY WORDS: Escherichia coli, endotoxin release, ozone.

Therapeutic Efficacy of Mammary Irrigation Regimen in Dairy Cattle Diagnosed with Acute Coliform Mastitis

“…These results, for the first time, indicated that the physical elimination of both microorganisms and endotoxins from the mammary glands by flushing might be essentially important, rather than the sterilization effect of irrigation fluids. Although we recently confirmed using in vitro evaluation that ozone exposure decreases the amount of endotoxins released from E. coli [18], we could not confirm the efficacy of ozone water in the in vivo evaluation in the present field study.…”

“…However, our previous study demonstrated that the amounts of induced-endotoxin induced by bacteriostatic antibiotics were not different from those by bactericidal antibiotics [18]. Moreover, in farm animal practices, the impact of antibiotic use has recently been considered to be important not only for preventing the emergence of drug resistance but also from the viewpoint of food safety and public health [16].…”

“…On the basis of these findings, we speculated that mammary irrigation therapy, rather than systemic antibacterial therapy, is useful for the treatment of acute coliform mastitis in cattle because it (1) eliminates both microorganisms and endotoxins and (2) disrupts endotoxin production from the infected mammary glands. Recently, we conducted in vitro experiments, and demonstrated for the first time that the volumes of endotoxins released from E. coli after sterilization by ozone exposure were lower than those released subsequent to antibiotic treatments [18].…”

An overview of ozone therapy in equine- an emerging healthcare solution

“…These gram negative microbes tend to develop endotoxic shock upon treatment with antibiotics. A study was conducted to compare the amount of endotoxin produced upon antibiotic therapy and ozone therapy.Results showed that in comparison to antibiotic therapy, ozone therapy (0.8mg/L) resulted in less amount of endotoxin production (Shinozuka et al, 2008). It is observed that ozone therapy helps in reversing the local and systemic signs of acute clinical mastitis in animals.…”

Roles of the Conserved Amino Acid Residues in Reduced Human Defensin 5: Cysteine and Arginine Are Indispensable for Its Antibacterial Action and LPS Neutralization

“…Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an endotoxin in Gram‐negative bacteria, can activate the Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway and promote the production of inflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, that would likely lead to endothelial damage and systemic inflammatory response syndrome . As most antibiotics facilitate the release of LPS while killing bacteria, using AMPs that are able to suppress the pro‐inflammatory effect of LPS to eliminate bacteria is a well‐balanced strategy. HD5 is a lectin‐like molecule that can multivalently bind to carbohydrates .…”