Comparison of the bioavailability of docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22:5n-3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) in the rat

Fard, Samaneh Ghasemi; Linderborg, Kaisa M.; Turchini, Giovanni M.; Sinclair, Andrew J.

doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2013.10.001

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In contrast, EPA supplementation only results in increased incorporation of EPA in plasma PLs and CEs without altering the levels of DPA and DHA incorporation into plasma lipids, suggesting that DPA and EPA incorporate into plasma phospholipids in different patterns [40]. Additionally, rodent and most recently published human data suggested that dietary DPA and EPA may be metabolized differently even though both of them exert anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogeneic activities [28,41,42]. On the other hand, high dietary intake of LA, which is efficiently incorporated into the membrane, reduces the membrane EPA phospholipid pool.…”

Section: Overview Of Aa and Epa Metabolism By Cyclooxygenasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prostaglandin E3 metabolism and cancer

2014

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The anticancer activity of n-3 fatty acids, especially those derived from fish, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid) (DHA), has been studied for centuries. While there is a growing body of evidence that EPA and DHA may influence cancer initiation and development through targeting multiple events of tumor development, the underlying mechanisms responsible for these activities are still not fully understood. A number of studies have suggested that the anticancer activities of EPA and DHA are associated with their effects on eicosanoid metabolism by which they inhibit prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production. In contrast to DHA, EPA can function as a substrate for cyclooxygenases (COXs) to synthesize unique 3-series prostaglandin compounds, especially PGE3. With advance technology in mass spectrometry, there is renewed interest in studying the role of PGE3 in EPA elicited anti-proliferative activity in various cancers, with some promising results. Here, we summarize the regulation of PGE3 synthesis in cancer cells and its role in EPA elicited anticancer activity. The development of PGE3 and its metabolites as potential biomarkers for future clinical evaluation of EPA and fish oil in cancer care is discussed.

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Section: Overview Of Aa and Epa Metabolism By Cyclooxygenasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prostaglandin E3 metabolism and cancer

2014

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“…Different dietary fatty acids are incorporated into the body with different patterns and efficiencies [5]. Many factors contribute to this difference in lipid response to the diet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary intake of n-3 PUFAs modifies the absorption, distribution and bioavailability of fatty acids in the mouse gastrointestinal tract

Yang

Wang

et al. 2017

Lipids Health Dis

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BackgroundDietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially n-3 PUFAs, are important for human health. The intestinal tract, a location that is heavily colonized by microorganisms, is the main organ for absorbing fatty acids.MethodsThe purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of dietary n-3 and n-6 PUFAs on the distribution of different types of fatty acids and their bioavailability along the gut. Mice were fed for a week with experimental diets containing high n-3 or high n-6 fatty acid levels. Blood was collected at different time points, and after 7 days the mice were euthanized and their digestive tract was divided into 17 segments for fatty acids analyses.ResultsWe found that supplementing n-3 fatty acids significantly changed the ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFAs, increased the bioavailability of n-3 PUFAs, and altered fatty acid distribution. In addition, in the n-3 diet group, the absorption of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) along the gut was found to be inhibited, which was confirmed by feeding the mice with a diet containing deuterium-labeled palmitic acid and stearic acid.ConclusionThese results show that a diet rich in n-3 PUFAs can significantly modify the distribution and bioavailability of fatty acids, and particularly, may block the absorption of SFAs in the mouse gastrointestinal (GI) tract.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12944-016-0399-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…The retro-conversion of DPA to EPA was confirmed by a later study [38]. In rats receiving 250 mg/d DPA, plasma EPA, and liver EPA and DHA concentrations were significantly increased compared with olive oil-supplemented controls [38]. Similarly, DPA intake significantly increased DPA and DHA levels in the hippocampus of supplemented rats, indicating that DPA may be directly converted to DHA in the brain [7].…”

Section: Dpa: a Reservoir For Epa And Dhamentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Additionally, the EPA content increased significantly, especially in the kidneys, with 5.1 times higher levels than in the control group, suggesting that 67% of DPA was converted back to EPA [37]. The retro-conversion of DPA to EPA was confirmed by a later study [38]. In rats receiving 250 mg/d DPA, plasma EPA, and liver EPA and DHA concentrations were significantly increased compared with olive oil-supplemented controls [38].…”

Section: Dpa: a Reservoir For Epa And Dhamentioning

confidence: 84%

The role of Omega‐3 docosapentaenoic acid in pregnancy and early development

Li¹,

Yin²,

Bibus

et al. 2016

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22:5n‐3) is normally present in small quantities in marine products. Metabolically, it can directly convert to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n‐3) and retro‐convert into eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n‐3), suggesting that it may serve as a reservoir for these fatty acids in human body. Among other biological functions, DPA serves a precursor to anti‐inflammatory and pro‐resolving mediators. Further, either consumption of DPA or its blood levels are associated with positive human health outcomes, and in vitro and in vivo models have confirmed and highlighted DPA's biological role in mammals. Because the role of DHA in prenatal and postnatal development is well known, most infant formulas are now supplemented with DHA. Although human breast milk contains significant levels of DHA, importantly, its levels of DPA are comparable. Despite this, the importance of DPA in infant and maternal health is less recognized. Our review highlights that DPA intake (often along with EPA and DHA) by lactating mothers is linked to better neural development and bone health of children. Additionally, blood levels of DPA in mothers are associated with fewer allergic diseases such as asthma, rhinitis, and eczema in children and mothers. The daily dietary intake of DPA in breast‐fed infants in various populations ranges from 5.1 to 44.6 mg/kg body weight, which would translate to 357–3122 mg/d for a 70‐kg adult. The reported health effects of DPA suggest it may be beneficial to increase the intake of DPA during prenatal and early postnatal life stages. Practical applications: This paper reviewed all research articles related with DPA health benefits in human development and summarized the potential function of DPA in human during pregnancy and early development. In vitro and in vivo studies both indicated that DPA has important biological role in mammals. The fact that DPA is high in human breast milk shows the potential biological function of DPA in infant development. The authors recommend infant formula manufacturers to consider adding DPA to infant food and encourage researchers to conduct human clinical studies to further prove the biological function of DPA in human development. LC Omega‐3 fatty acids play a critical role in human nutrition and health. DPA's role as a reservoir for DHA and EPA highlights the importance in human physiology. This study demonstrates the association between blood DPA levels and both infant and maternal health, and suggests the recommendation for DPA consumption during prenatal and early postnatal life stages.

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Comparison of the bioavailability of docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22:5n-3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) in the rat

Cited by 17 publications

References 11 publications

Prostaglandin E3 metabolism and cancer

Prostaglandin E3 metabolism and cancer

Dietary intake of n-3 PUFAs modifies the absorption, distribution and bioavailability of fatty acids in the mouse gastrointestinal tract

The role of Omega‐3 docosapentaenoic acid in pregnancy and early development

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