Comparison of the complete mitochondrial genome of Phyllophorus liuwutiensis (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Phyllophoridae) to that of other sea cucumbers

Abstract

Sea cucumber species are abundant (>1400 species) and widely distributed globally. mtDNA sequencing is frequently used to identify the phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships among species. However, there are no reports on the mitochondrial genome of Phyllophorus liuwutiensis. Here, we performed mtDNA sequencing of P. liuwutiensis to examine its phylogenetic relationships with other echinoderms. Its mitochondrial genome (15 969 bp) contains 37 coding genes, including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes and 2 rRNA genes. Except for one protein-coding gene (nad6) and five tRNA genes encoded on the negative strand, all other genes were encoded on the positive strand. The mitochondrial bases of P. liuwutiensis were composed of 29.55% T, 22.16% C, 35.64% A and 12.64% G. The putative control region was 703 bp in length. Seven overlapping regions (1-10 bp) were found. The noncoding region between the genes ranged from 1 to 130 bp in length. One putative control region has been found in the P. liuwutiensis mitogenome. All of the tRNA genes were predicted to fold into a cloverleaf structure. In addition, we compared the gene arrangements of six echinoderms, revealing that the gene order of P. liuwutiensis was a new arrangement.

Complete Mitochondrial Genomes and Phylogenetic Analysis of Genus Henricia (Asteroidea: Spinulosida: Echinasteridae)

“…Mitogenome sequencing is widely employed to elucidate phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships among species [ 2 , 3 ]. The mitogenome provides valuable insight into rearrangement patterns and phylogenetic relationships [ 4 ]. The class Asteroidea de Blainville, 1830 (sea stars), belonging to the phylum Echinodermata Klein, 1778, represents the second most diverse class in this phylum, encompassing 1800 species categorized into 38 families [ 5 ].…”

Analysis of Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Bohadschia argus (Jaeger, 1833) (Aspidochirotida, Holothuriidae)

“…Holothuroids, commonly known as sea cucumbers, are an important group of benthic organisms, including abundant and diverse ecologically and economically important species [ 1 ]. Sea cucumbers belong to the phylum Echinodermata, which includes about 1400 species widely distributed throughout the Earth’s oceans [ 2 , 3 ]. Sea cucumbers in the genus Bohadschia have high commercial value as they are edible and hold medicinal value [ 4 ]; they belong to Holothuriidae, which contains the most diverse species in Aspidochirotida [ 5 ].…”

Complete mitochondrial genome of a sea cucumber, Euapta godeffroyi (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea, Apodida, Synaptidae)

“…YYH-2013, KF915304 # ; Phyllophorella liuwutiensis , MN198190, Yang et al. 2020 ; Scotoplanes sp., LC416624, Takano et al. 2019 ; Stichopus horrens , HQ000092, Fan et al.…”