Comparison of the Force Released by Intermaxillary Elastics Used for Different Time Periods

ObjectivesThe aims of this study were: (1) to assess the average inter-arch distances characterizing Class II malocclusions, (2) to analyze the applied forces at those distances by different elastics, and (3) to compare measured forces with those declared by manufacturers, both in dry and wet environments.Materials and MethodsSettings and sample population: Class II models of 167 adult subjects (96 women and 71 men, age: 28 ± 3 years) referred to the Orthodontic Department of the University of Turin, Turin, Italy, between January 2018 and January 2020, were collected. Distances between facial axes (FA) points of upper canines and lower first molars (A), upper first premolar and lower first molar (B), upper second premolar and lower first molar (C), upper canine and lower first premolar (D), and upper canine and lower second premolar (E), were measured using 3Shape Ortho® Viewer program. Different elastics' diameters and forces were tested at those distances. The MTS Insight® Electromechanical Testing System was used to measure the tensile forces of elastics. The applied forces were measured in dry (T0) and wet conditions, after 1 (T1), 6 (T2), and 12 h (T3).ResultsAverage distances were calculated: A = 24.64 mm (SD 2.10), B = 16.3 mm (SD 1.94), C = 9.78 mm (SD 1.77), D = 9.8 mm (SD 1.88), and E = 15.99 mm (SD 2.06). Significant differences (p < 0.05) were highlighted between the measured force and the force declared by manufacturers, and all elastics had a significant force decay (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe results showed that 3/16" 4.5 oz are the most reliable elastics in terms of applied force with respect to the declared one and in terms of force degradation.

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Analysis of Class II Intermaxillary Elastics Applied Forces: An in-vitro Study

Castroflorio

Sedran

Spadaro

et al. 2022

Front. Dent. Med

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Force of Intermaxillary Latex Elastics from Different Suppliers: A Comparative In Vitro Study

et al. 2023

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The main characteristic of orthodontic intermaxillary elastics is the generated force. Therefore, it is necessary to know the exact properties of elastics for clinical use and their force degradation over time. Methods: A total of 500 latex elastics of the type 3/16” Medium from the manufacturers Dentaurum, American Orthodontics, 3M, Ortho Organizers, and G&H Orthodontics were tested; 100 elastics from each. The force was measured with a force meter at time 0 and at 2, 8, 24, and 48 h. Elastics were stored being stretched three times on a 3D-printed board in an incubator at 37 °C and under controlled humidity. Shapiro–Wilk normality tests, ANOVA tests, and Bonferroni post hoc tests were used. Results: The mean initial force among the manufacturers ranged from 1.109 N to 1.550 N, with Dentaurum elastics being the closest to the declared force of 1.255 newton. The greatest force degradation occurred during the first two hours; the decrease in force within 24 h ranged from 20% to 33% among the manufacturers. The maximum decrease was observed for American Orthodontics elastics. The smallest decrease occurred between 2 and 8 h for 3M, and between 24 and 48 h for Ortho Organizers. Conclusion: Intermaxillary 3/16” Medium elastics measured in vitro differ in initial force and force degradation among individual manufacturers. The attending clinician must be aware of the basic parameters of the elastics when recommending them to patients, and measuring the initial force directly in the patient’s mouth with a force meter might be helpful.

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Comparison of the Force Released by Intermaxillary Elastics Used for Different Time Periods

Cited by 2 publications

References 16 publications

Analysis of Class II Intermaxillary Elastics Applied Forces: An in-vitro Study

Analysis of Class II Intermaxillary Elastics Applied Forces: An in-vitro Study

Force of Intermaxillary Latex Elastics from Different Suppliers: A Comparative In Vitro Study

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