Comparison of the immune response and protection against the experimental Toxoplasma gondii infection elicited by immunization with the recombinant proteins BAG1, ROP8, and BAG1‐ROP8

Abstract

Toxoplasmosis is one of the most dangerous zoonotic diseases, causing serious economic losses worldwide due to abortion and reproductive problems. Vaccination is the best way to prevent disease; thus, it is imperative to develop a candidate vaccine for toxoplasmosis. BAG1 and ROP8 have the potential to become vaccine candidates. In this study, rTgBAG1, rTgROP8, and rTgBAG1‐rTgROP8 were used to evaluate the immune effect of vaccines in each group by detecting the humoral and cellular immune response levels of BABL/c mice after immunization and the ability to resist acute and chronic infection with Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). We divided the mice into vaccine groups with different proteins, and the mice were immunized on days 0, 14, and 28. The protective effects of different proteins against T. gondii were analysed by measuring the cytokines, serum antibodies, splenocyte proliferation assay results, survival time, and number and diameter of brain cysts of mice after infection. The vaccine groups exhibited substantially higher IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a levels and effectively stimulated lymphocyte proliferation. The levels of IFN‐γ and IL‐2 in the vaccine group were significantly increased. The survival time of the mice in each vaccine group was prolonged and the diameter of the cysts in the vaccine group was smaller; rTgBAG1‐rTgROP8 had a better protection. Our study showed that the rTgBAG1, rTgROP8, and rTgBAG1‐rTgROP8 recombinant protein vaccines are partial but effective approaches against acute or chronic T. gondii infection. They are potential candidates for a toxoplasmosis vaccine.

A Mannose-Modified Lipid Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticle Vaccine Increased the Anti-Tumor Immune Response by Modulating the Tumor Microenvironment

“…In the establishment of immune memory, the application of the vaccine also showed remarkable results [222][223][224][225]. It was found that after inoculation with mannose-modified lipid calcium phosphate nanoparticles, the body can form a long-term memory of tumor antigens [226].…”