Comparison of Trace Metals Concentration in PM10 of Different Locations of Lucknow City, India

Fine Particles (PM2.5) in Residential Areas of Lucknow City and Factors Influencing the Concentration

“…Lucknow is the capital of Uttar Pradesh, situated in Northern India with a population of 2.245 million (2001 census), and lies between 268 529 N latitude and 808 59 E longitude at 128 m above sea level. Vehicular traffic is one of the main sources of atmospheric particulate matter in Lucknow city [14] like other cities in India [16,17], and the total vehicular population was 0.749 million on March 31 st 2005, with growth rate of 10.38% over the previous year.…”

“…The average concentration of PM10 was found to be in the range of 107.6 to 214 lg/m 3 with the Vikas Nagar level at 166.5 lg/m 3 and the Alambagh level at 140.3 lg/m 3 . The total average concentration of 11 metals associated with PM10 were found to be in the range of 169.57 to 423.98 ng/m 3 with Vikas Nagar being 179.00 ng/m 3 and Alambagh was 253.79 ng/m 3 [14] whereas the 24 h average concentration of PM2.5 at Vikas Nagar and Alambagh were found to be 35.5 and 57.0 lg/m 3 , respectively [15]. This study focused on the hourly variation of fine particles and influence of temperature and relative humidity (RH) on the concentration of fine particles in ambient air.…”

“…12 km apart) of Lucknow city to see the hourly as well as 24 h average concentration of PM 2.5 at receptor level heights (approximately 2 m above the ground level). The selection of these two locations was based on our earlier study on PM10 at 10 different locations in the urban area of Lucknow city during the summer season of 2005 [14]. The average concentration of PM10 was found to be in the range of 107.6 to 214 lg/m 3 with the Vikas Nagar level at 166.5 lg/m 3 and the Alambagh level at 140.3 lg/m 3 .…”

Ambient air quality of Lucknow City (India) during use of fireworks on Diwali Festival

“…Vehicular traffic is the main source of particulate air pollution in Lucknow city (Kisku et al 2003;Sharma et al 2006). Continuous emission of pollutants from vehicular traffic, is itself a matter of concern and in addition, fireworks during Diwali festival generate huge amount of PM as well as gaseous pollutants including metals and ultimately aggravate the pollution level.…”

“…The urban population is mainly exposed to high levels of air pollution including metals because of motor vehicle emissions, which is also the main source of fine and ultrafine particles (Morawska et al 2002;Ristovski et al 1998;Fang et al 2005;Sharma et al 2006), which influence the air quality. These particles can penetrate deep into the respiratory system, and studies indicate that the smaller the particle, more severe the health impacts (Dockery et al 1993;Pope et al 1995;Schwartz et al 1996).…”