Comparison of Transcriptome Differences in Soybean Response to Soybean Mosaic Virus under Normal Light and in the Shade

Abstract

Shading in the intercropping system is a major abiotic factor which influences soybean growth and development, while soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is a biotic factor that limits the yield and quality of soybean. However, little is known about the defense response of soybean to SMV in the shade. Thus, in the current study, both intensity and quality (red:far-red, R:FR) of the light were changed to simulate the shaded environment and comparative transcriptome analysis was performed. Morphologically, plant growth was inhibited by SMV, which decreased 35.93% of plant height and 8.97% of stem diameter in the shade. A total of 3548 and 4319 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in soybean plants infected with SMV under normal light and in the shade. Enrichment analysis showed that the plant defense-related genes were upregulated under normal light but downregulated in the shade. Pathways that were repressed include plant-pathogen interaction, secondary metabolism, sugar metabolism, and vitamin metabolism. In addition, genes associated with signaling pathways such as salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene (ETH) were also downregulated in the shade. A qRT-PCR assay of 15 DEGs was performed to confirm transcriptome results. According to our knowledge, this is the first report on soybean response to dual stress factors. These results provide insights into the molecular mechanisms in which soybean plants were infected with SMV in the shade.

Differential Accumulation of Innate- and Adaptive-Immune-Response-Derived Transcripts during Antagonism between Papaya Ringspot Virus and Papaya Mosaic Virus

“…PRSV triggers the plant defense and immune system as reported with other potyviral infections, like the adapted TEV-At17b strain to Ler-0 Arabidopsis thaliana (tested with seven ecotypes Col-0, Di-2, Ei-2, Ler-0, Oy-0, St-0, and Wt-1) and the infection of soybean with Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), which triggers the response to stimulus and the signaling pathways of salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene [42,43]. Our enrichment analyses showed biological responses of light, blue light, chitin, and innate immune responses, similar to those found in susceptible and resistant cassava varieties infected with the ipomovirus Cassava brown streak virus (CBSV) [44] and with susceptible and resistant apricot cultivars to Plum pox virus (PPV) [45].…”

Advances in Transcriptome Analyses Using RNA Sequencing Technology in Soybean Plants [Glycine max]

“…Their analyses revealed a total of 253 soybean miRNAs and 125 transcripts as potential miRNA targets, as well as total 2 679 DEGs in response to SMV infection. Zhang et al (2019) compared the transcriptomes of SMV infected plants and reported a total of 3 548 and 4 319 DEGs in soybean plants infected with SMV under normal light and in the shade, respectively. Jo et al (2017) used publicly available soybean transcriptome data to identify viruses infecting soybean.…”

Transcriptome analysis reveals ethylene-mediated defense responses to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum infection in Cucumis sativus L.

“…It is also known that ET signaling pathways play a crucial role in the inducible plant defense response [18,25]. When soybean was infected with Soybean mosaic virus in the shade, ET signaling was activated, which might play an important role in regulating the defense response [26]. Liu et al [27] observed that ET signaling pathways might positively regulate the defense response of Panax notoginseng to Fusarium solani.…”