Comparison of Two Methods for Blood Lead Analysis in Cattle: Graphite-Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry and Leadcare® II System

Bischoff, Karyn; Gaskill, Cynthia L.; Erb, Hollis N.; Ebel, Joseph G.; Hillebrandt, Joseph

doi:10.1177/104063871002200510

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In fact, as far as we know, only one study has been conducted very recently with respect to birds (Herring et al 2018). Once again, in a similar way to the previous studies using the LeadCare I and in the same manner through which the results that we obtained in the case of raptors using the LCII, Bischoff et al (2010) found that there was a strong correlation between the values measured by both techniques in cattle samples (Spearman's r ¼ 0.93, n ¼ 56), but they also reported that the LCII has tendency to imprecisely quantify the actual BLLs. Once again, in a similar way to the previous studies using the LeadCare I and in the same manner through which the results that we obtained in the case of raptors using the LCII, Bischoff et al (2010) found that there was a strong correlation between the values measured by both techniques in cattle samples (Spearman's r ¼ 0.93, n ¼ 56), but they also reported that the LCII has tendency to imprecisely quantify the actual BLLs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Suitability of anodic stripping voltammetry for routine analysis of venous blood from raptors

González¹,

Camacho²,

Tiburón³

et al. 2019

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Lead (Pb) poisoning is a significant threat faced by raptors. Hence, rapid Pb diagnosis has become a priority during the admission of raptors in wildlife recovery centers, and bench‐top analyzers, such as LeadCare II ®, are routinely employed for this purpose. However, this device has been designed for conducting analyses of human blood Pb levels (BLLs), and the validity of this methodology for whole blood from raptors has, to date, rarely been assessed. In addition, a recent recall by the US Food and Drug Administration has recommended discontinuing the use of this analyzer for human venous blood because it may underestimate the BLL. We evaluated the precision of BLL measurements taken with LeadCare II by comparing them with those obtained with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS). Our sample contained venous blood from 105 raptors belonging to 4 species. The results showed a good correlation between the 2 techniques (Spearman's r = 0.927, p < 0.0001). The mean BLL with ICP‐MS was 19.6 μg/dL; it was found to be 18.7 μg/dL with LeadCare II. A Bland‐Altman analysis indicated that the bias between the mean differences was only 0.5 μg/dL, but it had a high standard deviation of bias (5.7 μg/dL) and 95% limits of agreement from –10.75 to 11.74 μg/dL. The present results indicated that LeadCare II has an overall sensitivity of 71.8% and a positive predictive value of 76.3%. The specificity of LeadCare II for detecting animals with low BLL (<3.4 μg/dL) was 96.4%, and the negative predictive value (the probability that a value below the limit of detection of LeadCare II has a true correspondence with the actual value) was 100%. The present results indicated that, although LeadCare II might be imperfect in the estimation of BLLs in raptors, it performs reasonably well and might be employed in the clinical setting to assess patients potentially suffering from Pb poisoning. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:737–747. © 2018 SETAC

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Suitability of anodic stripping voltammetry for routine analysis of venous blood from raptors

González¹,

Camacho²,

Tiburón³

et al. 2019

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…The results from this study showed that effective stabilization in goats. Graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy used to determine the concentration of heavy metals and also blood selenium concentrations of goats and cattle [ 208 , 209 ], lead and cadmium concentrations in goat, cow, sheep, and buffalo milks [ 210 ].…”

Section: Types Of Various Nanomaterials Used In Veterinary Medicinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theranostics Aspects of Various Nanoparticles in Veterinary Medicine

Bai

Lin

Huang

et al. 2018

IJMS

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Nanoscience and nanotechnology shows immense interest in various areas of research and applications, including biotechnology, biomedical sciences, nanomedicine, and veterinary medicine. Studies and application of nanotechnology was explored very extensively in the human medical field and also studies undertaken in rodents extensively, still either studies or applications in veterinary medicine is not up to the level when compared to applications to human beings. The application in veterinary medicine and animal production is still relatively innovative. Recently, in the era of health care technologies, Veterinary Medicine also entered into a new phase and incredible transformations. Nanotechnology has tremendous and potential influence not only the way we live, but also on the way that we practice veterinary medicine and increase the safety of domestic animals, production, and income to the farmers through use of nanomaterials. The current status and advancements of nanotechnology is being used to enhance the animal growth promotion, and production. To achieve these, nanoparticles are used as alternative antimicrobial agents to overcome the usage alarming rate of antibiotics, detection of pathogenic bacteria, and also nanoparticles being used as drug delivery agents as new drug and vaccine candidates with improved characteristics and performance, diagnostic, therapeutic, feed additive, nutrient delivery, biocidal agents, reproductive aids, and finally to increase the quality of food using various kinds of functionalized nanoparticles, such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, micellar nanoparticles, and metal nanoparticles. It seems that nanotechnology is ideal for veterinary applications in terms of cost and the availability of resources. The main focus of this review is describes some of the important current and future principal aspects of involvement of nanotechnology in Veterinary Medicine. However, we are not intended to cover the entire scenario of Veterinary Medicine, despite this review is to provide a glimpse at potential important targets of nanotechnology in the field of Veterinary Medicine. Considering the strong potential of the interaction between the nanotechnology and Veterinary Medicine, the aim of this review is to provide a concise description of the advances of nanotechnology in Veterinary Medicine, in terms of their potential application of various kinds of nanoparticles, secondly we discussed role of nanomaterials in animal health and production, and finally we discussed conclusion and future perspectives of nanotechnology in veterinary medicine.

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“…The LeadCare® analyzers from Magellan Diagnostics Inc. (North Billerica, MA, USA) apply ASV technology. These analyzers are validated for humans (26), some avian species (27, 28) and in cattle (29) by comparison to the GFAAS and/or ICP-MS. Furthermore, ASV has been used in studies investigating lead exposure in grizzly bears ( Ursus arctos ), black bears ( U. americanus ), gray wolves ( Canis lupus ) and cougars ( Puma concolor ) (30), and multiple avian species (31, 32).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In studies comparing the LeadCare® systems with GFAAS or ICP-MS, the ASV analyzers had a negative bias (i.e., underestimation) when measuring the BLL of avian wildlife (27, 33) and cattle (29). Validation for each species has been proposed to verify the conversion rate when using the LeadCare® to monitor exposure (23).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the LeadCare® Plus for Use on Scandinavian Brown Bears (Ursus arctos)

et al. 2019

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Lead (Pb) exposure is associated with adverse health effects in both humans and wildlife. Blood lead levels (BLL) of sentinel wildlife species can be used to monitor environmental lead exposure and ecosystem health. BLL analyzers, such as the LeadCare®, are validated for use in humans, assessed for use in some avian species and cattle, and are increasingly being used on wildlife to monitor lead exposure. The LeadCare® analyzers use a technique called anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV). Species-specific conversion equations have been proposed to approximate the levels found with gold standard measuring methods such as inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) because the ASV method has been shown to underestimate BLL in some species. In this study we assessed the LeadCare® Plus (LCP) for use on Scandinavian brown bears (Ursus arctos). LCP measurements were correlated with ICP-MS with a Bland-Altman analyzed bias of 16.3–22.5%, showing a consistent overestimation of BLL analyzed with LCP. Based on this analysis we provide conversion equations for calculating ICP-MS BLL based on the LCP results in Scandinavian brown bears. Our study shows that the LeadCare® Plus can be used for monitoring of lead exposure by approximating gold standard levels using conversion equations. This enables comparison with other gold standard measured BLL within the observed range of this study (38.20–174.00 μg/L). Our study also found that Scandinavian brown bears are highly exposed to environmental lead.

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Comparison of Two Methods for Blood Lead Analysis in Cattle: Graphite-Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry and Leadcare® II System

Cited by 18 publications

References 14 publications

Suitability of anodic stripping voltammetry for routine analysis of venous blood from raptors

Suitability of anodic stripping voltammetry for routine analysis of venous blood from raptors

Theranostics Aspects of Various Nanoparticles in Veterinary Medicine

Assessment of the LeadCare® Plus for Use on Scandinavian Brown Bears (Ursus arctos)

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