Comparison of two methods to assess the effect of age and sex on the risk of car crashes

Older drivers’ risks of at-fault motor vehicle collisions

“…The incidence of collisions with motorcycles, bicycles and pedestrians was similar between both ends of the driver age groups with the exception of the oldest female drivers. These findings in Japan are largely consistent with findings from Australia (Langford et al, 2008;Meuleners et al, 2006), the United Kingdom (Mitchell, 2013), Spain (Lardelli-Claret et al, 2011) and the United States (Li et al, 2003;Tefft, 2008;Williams and Shabanova, 2003).…”

“…We found the at-fault MVC incidence of female drivers turned higher than that of male drivers after age 25, which is similar to other Table 2 Incidence of at-fault motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) and morbidity of fatal or non-fatal injuries by sex and age of at-fault drivers, 2010. findings (Lardelli-Claret et al, 2011;Li et al, 2003;Massie et al, 1995;Meuleners et al, 2006). As female drivers tended to accrue less mileage, as shown in Table 1, their driving experience and patterns may differ from males', which might have influenced the incidence, while the incidence might have been inflated by a "lowmileage bias"; i.e., low-mileage drivers have a heightened collision risk (Langford et al, 2006).…”

The role of exposure on differences in driver death rates by gender and age: Results of a quasi-induced method on crash data in Spain

“…In a previous paper, we explored the consistency between quasi-induced exposure and direct measurement of exposure methods when assessing the effect of driver's age and sex on the driverís risk of being involved in a road crash. We were able to conclude that both methods yielded the same patterns of associations (Lardelli-Claret et al, 2011). Surprisingly we did not find any study that compared adjusted-by-exposure driver death rates with other crude death rates using different denominators, i.e., registered drivers and amount of exposure among drivers.…”

“…In the comparison of road crash risk across subgroups of drivers, it has the additional advantage that, opposed to a direct measurement of exposure, it allows for a better control of differences related to the driving environment and not only to the total amount of exposure (Lardelli-Claret et al, 2011). In a previous paper, we explored the consistency between quasi-induced exposure and direct measurement of exposure methods when assessing the effect of driver's age and sex on the driverís risk of being involved in a road crash.…”

Avaliação da conformidade de Sinais de Trânsito para melhorar a segurança rodoviária em meio urbano: uma aplicação no Centro de Guimarães, Portugal

“…O seu estado tem um impacto direto na visibilidade, mas também nas distâncias de travagem e de paragem dos veículos. Outras variáveis frequentemente estudadas são a idade dos condutores, tendo em conta que o avanço da idade afeta as funções sensoriais e cognitivas (Trick et al, 2010), e a influência do consumo de álcool e drogas na condução (Claret et al, 2011;Verster & Roth, 2012). Pelo seu lado, as condições atmosféricas e as condições da via são igualmente fatores relevantes, pois afetam a visibilidade, o desempenho do veícu-lo e o tempo de perceção e de reação das pessoas (Hassan & Abdel-Aty, 2011).…”