Comparison of Volatile Compounds from Clary Sage (Salvia sclareaL.) Verticillasters Essential Oil and Hydrolate

Abstract

The volatile compounds of essential oil (EO) and corresponding hydrolate (HY) extracted by steam distillation from clary sage (Salvia sclarea L.) cv "Domaća mirisna" grown in Serbia were identified using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The most abundant compounds of EO were linalyl acetate (43.5%) and linalool (25.9%), followed by α-terpineol, germacrene D, and geranyl acetate. In the corresponding HY (recovered water-soluble fraction of EO) the dominant were linalool (63.3%) and α-terpineol (26.8%), followed by geraniol.These differences in composition between clary sage EO and HY could be explained by linalyl acetate's low water solubility. Clustering of 55 clary sage EO accessions (from literature) shows the presence of several chemotypes: linalyl acetate+linalool, linalyl acetate+sclareol, linalool+geranyl acetate, germacrene D+β-caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide, and three unspecified chemotypes (geranyl acetate, methyl chavicol, and α-terpineol). According to this classification, clary sage cv "Domaća mirisna" belongs to a moderate linalyl acetate chemotype (between 19.8 and 45.7%). Further investigations need to focus on clary sage HY and their potential applications because HYs could increase economic gain as a by-product. However, their utilization for other purposes (cosmetic, postharvest fruit processing, organic agriculture, etc.) could be a safe solution for wastewater produced during EO distillation.

Anti-Heliobacter pylori and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Salvia officinalis Metabolites: In Vitro and In Silico Studies

“…Treatment of H. pylori is seen as an additional challenge due to economic constraints such as the test-and-treat strategy, which lays a significant economic burden on many of these countries, as well as the prevalence of antibiotic resistance and poor patient compliance [ 69 ]. Proton pump inhibitor (PPI)-clarithromycin-amoxicillin or metronidazole treatment for two weeks is suggested as the first-line treatment for H. pylori infection [ 59 , 70 , 71 ]. Doctors usually prescribe anti- H. pylori therapy with an eradication rate of 90% at least for the treatment.…”

Variability in Biological Activities of Satureja montana Subsp. montana and Subsp. variegata Based on Different Extraction Methods

“…The volatile fraction of the EO and HY were analyzed by GC/FID and GC-MS, as previously described by Aćimović et al [ 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 ]. The non-volatile compounds were analyzed in terms of total phenolic content by the spectrophotometrically microscale-adapted Folin–Ciocalteau method [ 69 ].…”

Chemometric Analysis Evidencing the Variability in the Composition of Essential Oils in 10 Salvia Species from Different Taxonomic Sections or Phylogenetic Clades

“…Previous studies have been carried out in the S. sclarea EO from Egypt [43], France [44], Germany [45], Greece [46][47][48][49], Iran [18,50,51], Italy [52][53][54][55], Lebanon [56], Poland [57], Serbia [24,58], Slovakia [59], Spain [25], Uruguay [15], Tajikistan [60], Turkey [28,61,62], and Uzbekistan [63,64] (Supplementary Materials Table S2). Linalool and linalyl acetate were reported as the most characteristic and dominant volatiles of clary sage oil, ranging between 6.5-24.0% and 56.0-78.0%, respectively, while the amount of sclareol varied from 0.4% to 2.6% [48].…”