2005
DOI: 10.1007/s11046-005-0120-4
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Comparison of Water, Oils and Emulsifiable Adjuvant Oils as Formulating Agents for Metarhizium Anisopliae for Use in Control of Boophilus Microplus

Abstract: Studies were conducted to identify oil-based formulating agents (paraffinic oil, palm oil and emulsifiable adjuvant oils (EAOs)) for Metarhizium anisopliae that were superior to water with simple surfactants using a germination test and a bioassay against Boophilus microplus. Germination of conidia in all formulations, except 10% coconut EAO, produced more than 68% germination at 24 h and nearly 100% at 48 h. Coconut oil (average survival time (AST) = 4.6 +/- 0.28 days) and 10% liquid paraffin EAO (AST = 4.4 +… Show more

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Cited by 50 publications
(25 citation statements)
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“…(1) Increased mortality (11.0-94.0% at 10 5 -10 8 conidia ml -1 , respectively) compared to control (0%) at day 10 after treatment. Polar et al (2005a) M. anisopliae and R. (B.)…”
Section: Anisopliae and A Cajennensementioning
confidence: 99%
“…(1) Increased mortality (11.0-94.0% at 10 5 -10 8 conidia ml -1 , respectively) compared to control (0%) at day 10 after treatment. Polar et al (2005a) M. anisopliae and R. (B.)…”
Section: Anisopliae and A Cajennensementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Studies on the potential of entomopathogenic fungi as tick control agents have been conducted mainly as laboratory assays (Polar et al, 2005c;Leemon and Jonsson, 2008). M. anisopliae and B. bassiana are known to cause high mortality in various life stages of R. microplus (Bittencourt et al, 1992(Bittencourt et al, , 1994a(Bittencourt et al, ,b, 1996(Bittencourt et al, , 1997aSamish and Rehacek, 1999).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, UV-induced mutants able to grow at reduced water activity have shown higher virulence than the parental strains (34). Alternatively, using an emulsifiable adjuvant oil formulation as a carrier to deliver M. anisopliae to control the cattle tick Boophilus microplus resulted in a higher conidial germination rate and a lower average host survival time than a waterbased formulation (41). In the present study, the melanized transformant germinated faster and possessed a higher accumulated germination rate, particularly at lower water activity (a w ϭ 0.967), exhibiting a 10-to 30-fold difference compared to the wild type.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%