Comparison of Yield, Composition, and Antioxidant Activity of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) Extracts Obtained Using Various Techniques

Abstract

Turmeric extracts were obtained from two lots of raw material (M and S) using various techniques: hydrodistillation, low pressure solvent extraction, Soxhlet, and supercritical extraction using carbon dioxide and cosolvents. The solvents and cosolvents tested were ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, and their mixture in equal proportions. The composition of the extracts was determined by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and UV. The largest yield (27%, weight) was obtained in the Soxhlet extraction (turmeric (S), ethanol = 1:100); the lowest yield was detected in the hydrodistillation process (2.1%). For the supercritical extraction, the best cosolvent was a mixture of ethanol and isopropyl alcohol. Sixty percent of the light fraction of the extracts consisted of ar-turmerone, (Z)-gamma-atlantone, and (E)-gamma-atlantone, except for the Soxhlet extracts (1:100, ethanol), for which only ar-turmeronol and (Z)-alpha-atlantone were detected. The maximum amount of curcuminoids (8.43%) was obtained using Soxhlet extraction (ethanol/isopropyl alcohol). The Soxhlet and low pressure extract exhibited the strongest antioxidant activities.

Atividade antimicrobiana in vitro do rizoma em pó, dos pigmentos curcuminóides e dos óleos e dos essenciais da Curcuma longa L.

“…Obteve-se um rendimento de 4,4 % de óleo com densidade de 0,9068 g/ mL e índice de refração de 1,5067 a 30 ºC. Esses valores são similares aos descritos na literatura (BRAGA et al, 2003;GOVINDARAJAN, 1980;SILVA et al, 2005). O perfil cromatográfico do óleo essencial da cúrcuma por CG-FID (Figura 2) indicou a presença de picos com tempos de retenção que variaram de 5 a 80 minutos, incluindo limoneno, borneol e ar-turmerona (picos 1, 2 e 3, respectivamente), sendo o último o predominante (~58%).…”

“…da cúrcuma (BRAGA et al, 2003;MATA et al, 2004). De acordo com Lee et al (2003) e Negi et al (1999), a fração do óleo essencial da cúrcuma com maior percentual de arturmerona foi a que apresentou maior atividade antimicrobiana.…”

Ginger and turmeric starches hydrolysis using subcritical water + CO2: the effect of the SFE pre-treatment

“…The extraction procedure was as described by Braga et al (2003). The ginger bagasse was obtained at 250 bar and 35 °C using CO2 (99.0% purity, Gama, S.S. ONU 1013, Campinas, SP) as solvent and isopropyl alcohol (Merck, lot K 27434734, Germany) as cosolvent (1.17% v/v).…”

“…Turmeric bagasse was obtained at 300 bar, 30 °C and a mixture (1:1, v/v) of ethanol (Merck, lot K 32173883325, Germany) and isopropyl alcohol (Merck, lot K 27434734, Germany) was used as cosolvent (10% v/v). These conditions were chosen based on the results of Zancan et al (2002) and Braga et al (2003), respectively. After the SFE, the ginger and turmeric bagasses were packed in plastic bags and kept in a freezer at -5 °C.…”

“…Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) are widely used in cooking and phytotherapy because of their volatile oils and oleoresins (Zancan et al, 2002;Braga et al, 2003). These rhizomes have a considerable amount of starch (30 -40%, dry basis) that can be used as substrate for hydrolysis reactions to obtain new molecules from oligosaccharides to glucose or even smaller molecules (Moreschi et al, 2004).…”