Comparison on Bioactivities and Characteristics of Polysaccharides From Four Varieties of Gastrodia elata Blume

Abstract

The composition, physicochemical properties, in vitro biological activity, and hypoglycemic activity exhibited by polysaccharides from four varieties of G. elata were investigated in this study; the four extracted GaE polysaccharides were termed as GaE-B (G. elata Bl. f. glauca S. chow polysaccharides), GaE-R (G. elata Bl. f. elata polysaccharides), GaE-Hyb (hybridization of G. elata Bl. f. glauca S. chow and G. elata Bl. f. elata polysaccharides), and GaE-G (G. elata Bl. f. viridis Makino polysaccharides). As revealed by the results, the GaE polysaccharides were found with the same monosaccharide composition, primarily including glucose, whereas the content of each variety was significantly different. In addition, different degrees of differences were found in the in vitro antioxidant and hypoglycemic activity, molecular weight, yield, and chemical composition exhibited by the abovementioned varieties. However, GaE-B and GaE-Hyb were found with similar physical properties, chemical composition, and antioxidant and hypoglycemic activity. GaE-R had the lowest yield, total sugar content, and molecular weight, whereas it involved higher xylose, binding protein, and polyphenols as well as higher antioxidant and hypoglycemic activity. In contrast, GaE-G was found with the highest yield, total sugar content, and molecular weight, whereas it contained the lowest xylose, binding protein, and polyphenols, as well as the weakest antioxidant and hypoglycemic activity. In brief, the polysaccharide of G. elata, a plant resource for homology of medicine and food, could more significantly enhance the biological activity of G. elata as it was released in the process of decocting and stewing. To be specific, the assessment of polysaccharide activity alone suggested that GaE-R was the best.

Updated Progress on Polysaccharides with Anti-Diabetic Effects through the Regulation of Gut Microbiota: Sources, Mechanisms, and Structure–Activity Relationships

“…G. elata Bl. f. elata polysaccharides possessed the highest hypoglycemic activity with the lowest glucose content and highest xylose content, which indicated that xylose was also an important kind of monosaccharide participating in the anti-diabetic process [ 191 ].…”

Antioxidant Activities of Natural Polysaccharides and Their Derivatives for Biomedical and Medicinal Applications

“…For example, Pu’erh tea polysaccharides with the highest total phenol and protein content were reported to have the best antioxidation activity [ 26 ]. In another study on Gastrodia elata polysaccharides, it was shown that polysaccharides containing higher binding proteins and polyphenols (GaE-R) had higher antioxidant activity than polysaccharides containing higher total sugars (GaE-G) [ 27 ]. In addition to proteins and polyphenols, uronic acid in Litchi polysaccharides and Ampelopsis grossedentata polysaccharides have also been proven beneficial to antioxidant activity [ 28 , 29 ].…”

Gastrodia elata polysaccharide alleviates Parkinson's disease via inhibiting apoptotic and inflammatory signaling pathways and modulating the gut microbiota

“…[32][33][34] Gastrodia elata polysaccharide (GEP) is the most abundant component in Gastrodia elata, which has the effects of anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, and enhancing immunity. [35][36][37] It was reported that GEP also regulated the composition of the gut microbiota. 36 However, whether GEP has the potential to play neuroprotective roles by affecting the gut microbiota and become a candidate to alleviate PD has not been reported.…”