Comparison study of three compounds in Eucommia ulmoides on growth, flesh quality of grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella )

Abstract

This study was conducted to compare the growth‐promoting and flesh quality ‐improving effects of three active compounds in Eucommia ulmoides (EU) on grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Four iso‐nitrogenous diets supplemented with 400 mg/kg inclusion of geniposidic acid (GA), chlorogenic acid (CGA), geniposide (GP) and their combination (GA:CGA:GP = 1:1:1, the mixture) were prepared and fed to grass carp (47.1 ± 0.6 g) for 75 days. The results indicated that weight gain was increased by 5.22%, and feed conversion ratio decreased by 0.07 by dietary CGA (p < 0.05). In flesh quality, the four supplementations significantly increased muscle fibre density, total collagen and alkaline‐insoluble collagen in skin, and reduced steaming loss of flesh. In addition, dietary CGA, GP and the active compounds mixture further increased total collagen, alkaline‐insoluble collagen and amino acid in flesh. In collagen genes expression, the expression of COL1A1 in muscle and skin was significantly promoted by the supplementation of GA, CGA, GP and their combination (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the supplementation of GA, CGA, GP and their combination improved the flesh quality of grass carp, and the growth was increased by CGA. CGA played more important roles in growth‐promoting and flesh quality‐improving effects than GP and GA.

Effects of three active components in Eucommia ulmoides on growth and flesh quality of grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idellus ) based on transcriptomics

“…In the present study, the supplementation of CGA increased WG and decreased FCR of grass carp ( p < .05). The similar findings have been reported in our previous studies for this fish (Li et al., 2014; Sun et al., 2019). In addition, dietary CGA was also found to improve the growth of turtle (Wen et al., 2010), pig (Chen et al., 2018) and rat (Ruan et al., 2014).…”

“…Three fish per cage were selected randomly to individually measure body weight, body length, liver weight and visceral weight; then, condition factor (CF), hepatosomatic index (HSI) and viscerosomatic index (VSI) were calculated by the methods of Sun et al. (2019).…”

“…It is well known for its functions of antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory and anticancer (Meng, Cao, Feng, Peng, & Hu, 2013). In addition, dietary CGA was reported to improve the growth and flesh quality of fish (Sun et al., 2019), shrimp, Penaeus vannamei (Wang et al., 2015), and turtle, Trionyx sinensis (Wen, Shu, & Xiao, 2010). Geniposide (GP) is a water‐soluble iridoid glycoside, which has been reported to have antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory and hypolipidaemic effects in rats (Fu et al., 2012; Liao et al., 2014).…”

Influences of dietary Eucommia ulmoides extract on growth, flesh quality, antioxidant capacity and collagen-related genes expression in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)

“…In addition, Y 2 O 3 was used as marker to measure the digestibility. All ingredients were ground, sifted, mixed and pelleted as described by Sun et al [22], and then all diets were air-dried and stored at 4 ℃ until use. The ingredients and proximate composition of experimental diets are shown in Table 2.…”

“…Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) is an important cultured freshwater sh in China with a production of 5.50 million tons in 2018 [21]. In past years, we have conducted a series trials to investigate the effects of dietary EU (bark) [9] and its active compounds including chlorogenic acid [22], quercetin [23], geniposide [24] and geniposidic acid [25] on the growth and esh quality of grass carp, but the mechanism of esh quality-improving and collagen-promoting effects is still unclear. Moreover, how about the effects of EU leaf extract when compared to EU bark extract?…”