Compatibility Study between 50% H₂O₂/H₂SO₄ Solution and Some Common Organic Solvents

Abstract

In this article, a mixture of sulfuric acid and 50% hydrogen peroxide solution was used to produce Caro's acid, which serves as an oxidant frequently encountered in the fine chemical industry. The chemical compatibility between 50% H 2 O 2 /H 2 SO 4 and organic solvents is an important safety issue. The compatibility of 50% H 2 O 2 /H 2 SO 4 and several organic solvents, including ethanol, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, DMF, dichloroethane, DMSO, ether, and toluene, was studied by reaction calorimetry and thermal analysis techniques. It was found that the first five solvents presented good compatibility with 50% H 2 O 2 /H 2 SO 4 . DSC tests indicated that these five solvents almost did not react with 50% H 2 O 2 /H 2 SO 4 before the onset decomposition temperature of 50% H 2 O 2 /H 2 SO 4 (∼93.3 °C). RADEX tests showed that the reactions of 50% H 2 O 2 /H 2 SO 4 with these solvents released heats from 800 to 1100 J g −1 , and the pressure effect was obvious for these mixtures. In contrast, the last three solvents, namely, DMSO, ether, and toluene, were incompatible with 50% H 2 O 2 /H 2 SO 4 , exhibiting a significant exothermic signal at lower temperatures. Most interestingly, the mixture of DMSO and 50% H 2 O 2 /H 2 SO 4 presented a thermal runaway phenomenon below 40 °C. The causes of this thermal runaway incident were confirmed to be the oxidation of DMSO by Caro's acid. Reaction calorimetry tests also indicated that the oxidation rate of DMSO was fast even at 40 °C, and the adiabatic temperature rise for the oxidation of DMSO was higher than 400 K. KEYWORDS: compatibility, 50 percent H 2 O 2 /H 2 SO 4 , organic solvents, thermal runway reaction, thermal risk