Compensation analysis of the active and reactive power of electric vehicles using optimized FOPID‐GA controller

Abstract

Recently, the interest in using electric and environmentally friendly vehicles has risen increasingly. The most important challenge is charging these electric vehicles (EVs) at the right time based on the amount of charging demand, which if not paid attention to, can affect the network power profile. In this article, the effect of charging EVs in fast charging stations on the voltage profile and power factor in the IEEE Bus‐33 standard network is investigated. Therefore, a mathematical model is used to model the problem that the parameters of EV arrival time to charging stations, EV charging time, number of charging times, EV status of charging (SOC), distance traveled by the EV are considered as model variables. In this article, four charging stations are considered for each fast‐charging station. The power rate that each station in the fast‐charging station receives from the network is considered 200 kW. So, if all stations are charged simultaneously, the charging station will receive 800 kW of electricity from the grid. There are also 300 EVs in the network, each charging time in fast charging stations is less than 10 minutes. To control the charge and power of cars, the FOPID controller has been used to determine the optimal coefficients through the application of a genetic algorithm (GA). The simulation results showed that in the uncontrolled reactive power mode, the voltage range in the busbars to which the charging stations are connected is less than the standard value (0.95 p.u) in the interval, but using FOPID‐GA controller, we will be able to increase the voltage range and improve the power factor of the distribution system about 10.26% by controlling the reactive power of the vehicles.