Competence and Warmth Scales

Cuddy, Amy J. C.; Glick, Peter; Xu, Jun

doi:10.1037/t35954-000

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…T he career aspirations of young men and women are shaped by societal stereotypes about gender (1,2). For example, the stereotype that men are better than women at mathematics (3) impairs women's performance in this domain (4,5) and undermines their interest in mathematics-intensive fields (6,7).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Gender stereotypes about intellectual ability emerge early and influence children’s interests

Bian

Leslie

Cimpian

2017

Science

857

679

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Common stereotypes associate high-level intellectual ability (brilliance, genius, etc.) with men more than women. These stereotypes discourage women's pursuit of many prestigious careers; that is, women are underrepresented in fields whose members cherish brilliance (such as physics and philosophy). Here we show that these stereotypes are endorsed by, and influence the interests of, children as young as 6. Specifically, 6-year-old girls are less likely than boys to believe that members of their gender are "really, really smart." Also at age 6, girls begin to avoid activities said to be for children who are "really, really smart." These findings suggest that gendered notions of brilliance are acquired early and have an immediate effect on children's interests.

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confidence: 99%

“…As a comparison, we also elicited children's ideas about whether men versus women are "really, really nice." These two traits are differentially linked to gender in common stereotypes (2). As the relevant cultural notions are being assimilated, children's responses should likewise differentiate between these traits.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender stereotypes about intellectual ability emerge early and influence children’s interests

Bian

Leslie

Cimpian

2017

Science

857

679

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“…Ratings of competence are mainly rooted in individual perceptions and evaluations of how political leaders and their government's actions have performed their tasks and how this has affected the living conditions of the public so far. 97,98,99 Regarded from this perspective, two alternative hypotheses will be tested:…”

Section: Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Displays of emotion and citizen support for Merkel and Gysi

Gabriel

Masch

2017

Polit. life sci.

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Emotional appeals have always been an important instrument in the mobilization of political support in modern societies. As found in several experimental studies from the United States, the emotions displayed by leading politicians in their televised public appearances have an impact on the political attitudes and behaviors of the public. Positive emotions such as joy or happiness, pride, and amusement elicit a more positive assessment of politicians, whereas showing negative emotions such as anger or outrage often diminishes the public's support. This transfer of emotions from sender to recipient has been described as "emotional contagion." However, under specific circumstances, emotions expressed by politicians can result in counter-empathic reactions among recipients. To examine the role of emotions between political leaders and the public in an institutional and cultural setting outside the United States, this article presents experimental findings on the impact of emotions expressed by two leading German politicians on the German public. The study used emotional displays by Chancellor Angela Merkel and former parliamentary leader of the Left Party, Gregor Gysi, observing how their assessments by the German public changed in response to these displays. Consistent with existing research, we discovered positive effects on the evaluation of both politicians when they displayed positive emotions. However, the impact of negative emotions is different for Merkel and Gysi and can be described as contagion in the former and counter-contagion in the latter case. Furthermore, we found that individual recognition of the expressed emotions modified the effect they had on the evaluation of some leadership characteristics.

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“…According to our survey data (13,14), the contemptible, disgusting kind of outgroup-low-status opponents-elicits a mix of active and passive harm: attacking and fighting, as well as excluding and demeaning. This certainly describes the Abu Ghraib abuse of captured enemies.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…This would have certainly applied to the guards viewing their prisoners at Abu Ghraib, but it also applies in more "normal" situations. A recent sample of U.S. citizens on average viewed Muslims and Arabs as not sharing their interests and stereotyped them as not especially sincere, honest, friendly, or warm (13)(14)(15).…”

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confidence: 99%