Competition and Food Restriction Effects on Oxidative Stress in Judo

Abstract

We examined the effects of weight loss induced by restricting energy and fluid intake on antioxidant status and oxidative stress of judo athletes. Twenty male judoka were randomly assigned to one of two groups (Group A: called diet, n = 10; height 174.8 +/- 1.9 cm, body weight 75.9 +/- 3.1 kg; they were asked to lose approximately 5 % of their body weight through self-determined means during the week before the competition; Group B: called control, n = 10; height 176.4 +/- 1.1 cm, body weight 73.3 +/- 6.3 kg maintained their body weight during the week before the competition). A battery of tests was performed during a baseline period (T1) on the morning of a simulated competition (T2) and 10 minutes after the end of the competition (T3). These tests included assessment for body composition, determination of lag phase (Lp) before free radical induced oxidation, maximum rate of oxidation (Rmax) during the propagating chain reaction and maximum amount of conjugated dienes (CDmax) accumulated after the propagation phase, and lipidic profile. Uric acid concentrations were also evaluated in plasma. Dietary data were collected using a 7-day diet record. We noted that the athletes followed a low carbohydrate diet whatever the period of the investigation. Concerning antioxidant nutrients, we can notice that mean nutritional intakes are in the normal range values for vitamin A, C and E at T1 and T2. Rapid weight loss induced a significant increase in Lp values (p < 0.05) and uric acid concentrations without alterations in oxidative stress. Our data also showed that the competition induced the same changes of oxidative-antioxidant status whatever the dietary intake during the seven days before the competition. Moreover, the effect of the competition on the antioxidant and oxidant parameters was more pronounced than the diet. Theses results could be linked to the food containing a large proportion of PUFA and a relative low proportion of carbohydrates.

Effects of 6 weeks of n-3 fatty acids and antioxidant mixture on lipid peroxidation at rest and postexercise

“…Less information is available on anaerobic exerciseinduced oxidative modifications, as in judo (Finaud et al 2006). Groussard et al (2003) indicated that high-intensity anaerobic work resulted in oxidative modification of the above-mentioned macromolecules in both skeletal muscle and blood.…”

“…In a previous study (Degoutte et al 2003), we reported that a judo training session, which included a warm-up, randori and a 5-min judo match carried out in competitive conditions, induced a high energetic demand similar to the levels evaluated after judo competition (Sikorski et al 1987). Evaluating the influence of dietary supplementation and exercise on oxidative stress would be very useful, particularly in judo, as competitors wrestle for a mean total of five 5-min bouts interspersed with 30-min seated recovery periods, which induces high levels of oxidative stress (Finaud et al 2006). Kraemer et al (2001) also investigated the performance and physiological responses to consecutive days of wrestling in a tournament format after a period of caloric restriction and thermal-and dehydration-induced weight loss.…”

Estado Físico, Fisiológico E Psicossocial De Atletas Do Tae Kwon Do Na Pré-Competição

“…Geralmente, essa estratégia inadequada deve-se ao fato de os atletas de combate precisarem manter ou reduzir um determinado peso corporal até a competição. Além disso, existe um agravo factual por procedimentos de restrição do consumo alimentar, desidratação e uso indevido de medicamentos 9,21 . Nesse sentido, a avaliação de fatores por nós não controlados, tais como a alimentação, uso de suplementos e medicamentos são fatores que podem modular as respostas das variáveis investigadas no presente estudo.…”

Efeitos da perda rápida de peso em atletas de combate

“…Além disso, houve diminuição na glicose em jejum, nos triglicérides, na pressão sistólica e diastólica e na frequência cardíaca (PAhL et al, 1988). A elevação na concentração de ácido úrico também foi obtida em um trabalho com judocas, bem como a diminuição significativa dos ácidos graxos livres e triglicérides (FINAUD et al, 2006). Após acompanhamento de 11 judocas de nível nacional, com restrição energética durante 7 dias e decréscimo significativo de 4,9 ± 1,2% do peso corporal, foram observadas elevações significativas nos níveis de triglicérides e ácidos graxos livres (FILAIRE et al, 2001).…”