Competition-Based Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Dually Cross-Linked Supramolecular Hydrogel for Colorimetric and Fluorescent Dual-Mode Sensing of Bisphenol A

Abstract

Bisphenol A (BPA), one of the most abundantly produced endocrine disrupting chemicals, is widely used in everyday plastic products and thus must be monitored. Multimode sensing platforms are able to combine the advantages of different strategies while solving the issues of inaccurate test results of single signal sensing. However, the exploration in this field is limited due to the compromise of sensing conditions and inevitable mutual interferences of different systems. Herein, we constructed a two-dimensional photonic crystal dually cross-linked supramolecular hydrogel (2DPCDCSH) by utilizing a host–guest pair of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and tert-butyl (t-Bu) as the second cross-linking for colorimetric and fluorescent dual-mode sensing of BPA. Based on the fact that BPA can act as a competitive guest to break the host–guest interaction between β-CD and t-Bu, the cross-linking density decreased and an expansion-induced structural color change occurred. Sensitive and selective BPA detection can be easily achieved by measuring the Debye diffraction ring diameter or observing the color change of 2DPC with a detection limit of 1 μg mL–1. Moreover, the formation of the β-CD/BPA complex gave a significant enhancement of the intrinsic fluorescence of BPA, obtaining a detection limit of 0.001 μg mL–1. The two sensing systems can share the same reaction condition and yield a wider dynamic response range than the single signal strategy. Overall, the proposed method presented an efficient, rapid, cost-effective, and regenerative dual-mode method for BPA analysis and shed new insights for the design of diversified sensing platforms.

Sensor technologies for the detection and monitoring of endocrine-disrupting chemicals

“…An efficient, regenerative two dimensional, dually cross-linked photonic crystal for colorimetric and florescent-based sensing system for BPA monitoring was developed. The detection limit of this cost-effective and rapid system was 4.38 nM ( Du et al, 2023 ).…”

Smart Two-dimensional Photonic Crystal Hydrogel for Accurate Detection of Hg2+

“…这种检测方法简单, 不 需要专门的仪器设备, 激光笔和刻度尺即可完成测试. 智能二维光子晶体水凝胶光信号易于读取, 结构紧凑, 更易于微型化和便携化, 成为传感技术领域的研究热 点 [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] .…”

Recent progress in low‐swellable polymer‐based smart photonic crystal sensors

“…By using the host-guest interaction of βcyclodextrin (β-CD) and tert-butyl (t-Bu), Xiao et al designed the dynamic cross-linked molecular structures and constructed 2D SPCS for colorimetric and fluorescent dualmode sensing of bisphenol A (BPA) (Figure 6b). [228] As a competitive guest, BPA breaks the balance of the host-guest interaction between β-CD and t-Bu and unties the interchain crosslinking, thereby reducing the cross-linking density of the polymer and triggering the swelling of the polymer. The increase of lattice spacing of 2D SPCS results in structural color change.…”

“…The change of angle results in structural color change. The F I G U R E 6 (a) Phenylboric-modified 2D SPCS and corresponding mechanism for selective sensing of glucose, [227] Copyright 2014, Royal Society of Chemistry; (b) Host-guest interaction based 2D SPCS for colorimetric and fluorescent dual-mode sensing of bisphenol A, [228] Copyright 2023, American Chemical Society; (c) Dynamic structural color soft actuator based on the light-induced swelling/shrinking, [229] Copyright 2022, Elsevier.…”