Competition between oxidation and anti-oxidation to guarantee visible light activity for a TiO 2–x photocatalyst from the dissolution of Ti 0

Photocatalytic production of hydrogen from biomass-derived feedstocks

“…Several methods have been reported for self-doping of titanium dioxide, that is, for partially reducing the material with the formation of oxygen vacancies and Ti(III) centres. This can be achieved by (i) thermal treatment under a reductive atmosphere [100f, 178],(ii) in the bulk of the material by combustion/pyrolysis methods[179], or (iii) by partial oxidation of titanium metal[180]. Strongly reductive conditions (H2, 20 bar, 200 °C, 5 d) give rise to the known…”