Competition between the conditioned rewarding effects of cocaine and novelty.

Reichel, Carmela M.; Bevins, Rick A.

doi:10.1037/0735-7044.122.1.140

Cited by 26 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…Subjects For all experiments, we used male SpragueDawley rats (314 ± 10 g at start of study) from Harlan (Indianapolis, IN, USA) that were previously used in brief cocaine/novelty place conditioning experiments (Reichel and Bevins 2008;unpublished research). Rats were taken from control and low-dose cocaine groups; care was taken to match histories as much as possible across the different conditions of the present report.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of endocannabinoid modulation of conditioned responding evoked by a nicotine CS and the Pavlovian stimulus effects of CP 55,940 in adult male rats

et al. 2009

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Rationale -The cannabinoid CB 1 receptor antagonist/inverse agonist rimonabant (SR 141716) has been shown to block reinforcing and rewarding effects of nicotine. Research has not investigated whether the cannabinoid system is involved in the interoceptive stimulus effects of nicotine functioning as a conditional stimulus (CS). Objective -We examined the effects of rimonabant and the CB 1/2 receptor agonist, CP 55,940, on responding evoked by a nicotine CS in rats. Additionally, we determined whether CP 55,940 functioned as a CS or a Pavlovian positive drug feature Materials and methods -Pavlovian discrimination training involved intermixed nicotine (0.2 mg base/kg) and saline sessions with intermittent access to water only on nicotine. Antagonism tests with rimonabant (0.1-3 mg/kg) and substitution tests with CP 55,940 (0.003-0.1 mg/kg) followed. An effective dose of CP 55,940 was tested against the nicotine generalization curve. A separate group received CS training with CP 55,940 (0.01 mg/kg). Two other groups were trained using CP 55,940 (0.01 or 0.03 mg/kg) as a positive drug feature in which a brief light CS signaled access to water only on CP 55,940 sessions Results -Rimonabant blocked nicotine-evoked responding.CP 55,940 partially substituted for nicotine and enhanced responding to lower nicotine doses. Overall, CP 55,940 did not acquire control of conditioned responding in either Pavlovian drug discrimination task Conclusions -The cannabinoid system was involved in the CS effects of nicotine. This finding is counter to the operant drug discrimination research with nicotine as a discriminative stimulus, warranting further research into this possible dissociation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of endocannabinoid modulation of conditioned responding evoked by a nicotine CS and the Pavlovian stimulus effects of CP 55,940 in adult male rats

et al. 2009

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“…This increased reward salience is also evident in animal paradigms. While novelty serves as a strong reward stimulus in animals, those animals that become exposed to drugs begin to prefer the choice of the drug instead of the novelty (56), and even instead of maternal behavior (57), or food (58). …”

Section: The Impulsive System and Its Implicit Cognitive Determinantmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Triadic Neurocognitive Approach to Addiction for Clinical Interventions

2013

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According to the triadic neurocognitive model of addiction to drugs (e.g., cocaine) and non-drugs (e.g., gambling), weakened “willpower” associated with these behaviors is the product of an abnormal functioning in one or more of three key neural and cognitive systems: (1) an amygdala-striatum dependent system mediating automatic, habitual, and salient behaviors; (2) a prefrontal cortex dependent system important for self-regulation and forecasting the future consequences of a behavior; and (3) an insula dependent system for the reception of interoceptive signals and their translation into feeling states (such as urge and craving), which in turn plays a strong influential role in decision-making and impulse control processes related to uncertainty, risk, and reward. The described three-systems account for poor decision-making (i.e., prioritizing short-term consequences of a decisional option) and stimulus-driven actions, thus leading to a more elevated risk for relapse. Finally, this article elaborates on the need for “personalized” clinical model-based interventions targeting interactions between implicit processes, interoceptive signaling, and supervisory function aimed at helping individuals become less governed by immediate situations and automatic pre-potent responses, and more influenced by systems involved in the pursuit of future valued goals.

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“…Rather than setting up a choice between reward and no reward, a reference-conditioning procedure compares a known rewarding stimulus (e.g., cocaine) to some other value of the same stimulus (e.g., another cocaine dose) or to a different stimulus [e.g., novelty, pups, etc. (see Barr et al, 1985; Bevins 2005; Mattson et al, 2001; Reichel and Bevins 2008, 2010)]. This change appears to produce a method that has increased sensitivity for detecting conditioned reward over the standard place conditioning procedure (Barr et al, 1985; Bevins 2005; Groblewski et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reference place conditioning procedure with cocaine: increased sensitivity for measuring associatively motivated choice behavior in rats

Reichel

Wilkinson

Bevins

2010

Behavioural Pharmacology

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Place conditioning is widely used to study the conditioned rewarding effects of drugs. In the standard version, one reward (cocaine) is compared to no reward (saline). A modified variant of this task, "reference-conditioning" procedure, compares two potentially rewarding stimuli (high versus low cocaine dose). There has been little research on the utility of this procedure. Experiment 1 used the standard protocol with saline administered before confinement to the reference compartment of a place-conditioning chamber. On alternating days, saline, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, or 20 mg/kg cocaine was administered before confinement to the opposite compartment. In Experiments 2 and 3, reference-compartment saline was replaced with 5 and 7.5 mg/kg cocaine, respectively. Relative to saline, 7.5-20 mg/kg cocaine had comparable conditioned rewarding effects (i.e., similar increase in time in paired compartment). When cocaine replaced saline, there was competition at doses lower than 7.5 mg/kg. Rats that received 7.5 versus 2.5 mg/kg spent similar time in each compartment, indicating competition. Competition was not seen with 5 versus 20 mg/kg; preference was for the 20 mg/kg compartment. Experiment 4 showed that the competition at 2.5 mg/kg was not due to reward sensitization-. The reference-conditioning procedure has increased sensitivity for measuring associatively-motivated choice behavior.

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Competition between the conditioned rewarding effects of cocaine and novelty.

Cited by 26 publications

References 52 publications

Investigation of endocannabinoid modulation of conditioned responding evoked by a nicotine CS and the Pavlovian stimulus effects of CP 55,940 in adult male rats

Investigation of endocannabinoid modulation of conditioned responding evoked by a nicotine CS and the Pavlovian stimulus effects of CP 55,940 in adult male rats

A Triadic Neurocognitive Approach to Addiction for Clinical Interventions

Reference place conditioning procedure with cocaine: increased sensitivity for measuring associatively motivated choice behavior in rats

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