Complement Activation Products and Cytokines in Pachychoroid Neovasculopathy and Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Kato, Yutaka; Oguchi, Yasuharu; Omori, Tomoko; Shintake, Hiroaki; Tomita, Ryutaro; Kasai, Akihito; Ogasawara, M.; Sugano, Yukinori; Itagaki, Kanako; Ojima, Akira; Machida, Takeshi; Sekine, Hideharu; Sekiryu, Tetsuju

doi:10.1167/iovs.61.13.39

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Although the role of elevated levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and other cytokines in the pathogenesis of the pachychoroid disease has been speculated on in some papers, they more often referred to other forms of this disease entity than CSC [ 10 , 11 ]. Recent studies suggested that eyes with CSC may be at higher risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or one of its subtypes (polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy or pachychoroid neovasculopathy), or that the development of CSC and AMD/polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy may share a common background [ 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imbalance in the Levels of Angiogenic Factors in Patients with Acute and Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

Karska‐Basta

Pociej‐Marciak

Chrząszcz

et al. 2021

JCM

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Background: The pathogenesis of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) remains a subject of intensive research. We aimed to determine correlations between plasma levels of selected angiogenic factors and different forms of CSC. Methods: Eighty patients were enrolled in the study including 30 with a chronic form of CSC, 30 with acute CSC, and 20 controls. Presence of active CSC was determined by fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), and swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). Plasma concentrations of angiopoietin-1, endostatin, fibroblast growth factor, placental growth factor (PlGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-AA), thrombospondin-2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF-D, and pigment epithelium–derived factor were measured, and the results were compared between groups. Additionally, mean choroidal thickness (CT) was measured in all patients. Results: Levels of angiopoietin-1 (p = 0.008), PlGF (p = 0.045), and PDGF-AA (p = 0.033) differed significantly between the three groups. Compared with the controls, VEGF (p = 0.024), PlGF (p = 0.013), and PDGF-AA (p = 0.012) were downregulated in the whole CSC group, specifically PDGF-AA (p = 0.002) in acute CSC and angiopoietin-1 (p = 0.007) in chronic CSC. An inverse correlation between mean CT and VEGF levels was noted in CSC patients (rho = −0.27, p = 0.044). Conclusions: Downregulated angiopoietin-1, VEGF, PDGF-AA, and PlGF levels may highlight the previously unknown role of the imbalanced levels of proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors in the pathogenesis of CSC. Moreover, downregulated VEGF levels may suggest that choroidal neovascularization in CSC is associated with arteriogenesis rather than angiogenesis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imbalance in the Levels of Angiogenic Factors in Patients with Acute and Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

Karska‐Basta

Pociej‐Marciak

Chrząszcz

et al. 2021

JCM

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“…Hata et al reported that the mean VEGF concentration of PNV was significantly lower than that of nAMD 19 . Kato et al reported elevated VEGF levels without elevated complement component 3a (C3a) and macrophage chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) for PNV, compared to typical nAMD 14 . Furthermore, in PNV patients, a lack of correlation between cytokine levels and anti-VEGF treatment response has been noted, whereas a negative association is typical in nAMD patients 13 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All the eyes were classified as PNV, PCV/AT1, and typical nAMD after reviewing the medical records of the patients with nAMD. The definition of PNV was based on the latest reports 2 , 10 , 13 , 14 , since it is still evolving. PNV was diagnosed using the following criteria: (1) definite type 1 CNV on OCT and ancillary images, including FA/ICGA images; (2) no drusen in both eyes (no AMD, AREDS category; (3) presence of dilated choroidal vessels below the macular neovascularization; and (4) PPE or CSC characteristics including choroidal vascular hyperpermeability (CVH) on ICGA 15 , or a history of CSC.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term outcome of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment for pachychoroid neovasculopathy

Yoon

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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To compare the long-term effectiveness of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment for pachychoroid neovasculopathy (PNV), polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy/aneurysmal type 1 neovascularization (PCV/AT1), and typical neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Forty-one eyes with PNV, 68 eyes with PCV/AT1, and 56 eyes with typical nAMD were retrospectively included for analysis. All patients were treatment-naïve and received a three-monthly loading injection of anti-VEGF, followed by further injections, as required. The visual and anatomical outcomes after treatment were evaluated up to 36 months from baseline. No significant intergroup difference was found in terms of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and changes in central foveal thickness at 12, 24, and 36 months after the baseline. In addition, no significant difference was found between the groups regarding the proportions of improved or worsened (increased or decreased more than 3-lines) visual acuity. However, the PNV group participants received significantly fewer anti-VEGF injections (11.7 ± 6.9) than those in the PCV/AT1 (12.4 ± 7.0; P = 0.031) and typical nAMD groups (13.2 ± 7.4; P = 0.016). The incidence of macular atrophy (MA) development was also significantly lower for the PNV (4/41 eyes, 9.8%) than the typical nAMD (15/56 eyes, 26.8%; P = 0.033) eyes. There was no significant difference between PNV, PCV/AT1, and typical nAMD regarding visual acuity improvement after anti-VEGF treatment over 36 months. However, the number of injections for PNV was significantly lower compared to that for PCV/AT1 and typical nAMD, and the incidence of MA development was significantly lower than in typical nAMD.

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“…Additionally, the complement system, a crucial part of the innate immune system, has been widely reported to be associated with age-related macular issues ( 38 ). The complement products elevated in the aqueous humor of PCV and drusen-associated nAMD ( 39 ). Several genetic studies have revealed the highly significant associations between AMD and many complement factors, including complement factor H ( CFH )( 40 ), CFB/C2 (complement factor B and complement component 2) ( 41 ), and C3 (complement component 3) ( 42 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Publication Trends of Research on Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy During 2001–2020: A 20-Year Bibliometric Study

et al. 2022

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IntroductionPolypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) is a special subtype of AMD, which is one of the leading threats to vision health worldwide. At this time, many aspects of PCV, from how it works to potential treatments, remain a mystery. In this study, we explored the frontier researches and revealed the study trends within the study of PCV.MethodsWe collected all the publications in this field from 2001 to 2020, analyzed trends within them, and defined the contributions of various countries/regions, institutions, authors, and journals. Additionally, VOSviewer software was used to define the hot keywords in this field.ResultsA total of 1,190 publications were ultimately examined; We found that PCV is becoming an increasingly relevant topic of research, and that Japan has contributed the most publications (428), the most citations (14,504 in total), and the highest H-index value (62) to the field. Our keywords analysis was classified into four clusters to show the hotspots within the study of PCV, namely mechanism-related, imaging-related, prognosis-related, and therapy-related topics. The average years in which the keywords appeared the most were also calculated, and we identified anti-VEGF therapy, anti-complement therapy and angiography as having been the main focus in recent years.ConclusionsThese results helped clarify the comprehensive research progress that has been made as well as the future trends in the study of PCV, which can assist and guide future research.

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Complement Activation Products and Cytokines in Pachychoroid Neovasculopathy and Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Cited by 21 publications

References 43 publications

Imbalance in the Levels of Angiogenic Factors in Patients with Acute and Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

Imbalance in the Levels of Angiogenic Factors in Patients with Acute and Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

Long-term outcome of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment for pachychoroid neovasculopathy

Publication Trends of Research on Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy During 2001–2020: A 20-Year Bibliometric Study

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