“…In such circumstances, conflicts and rivalry are part of everyday life and come from distrust, opportunism, and conflict of interest [3,4,6]. Problems in governance networks may also arise from many contemporary challenges, e.g., the complexity of social problems, turbulences, joint decision-making, service integration, and resource constraints [5,36]. In addition, financial crises, disasters, climate change, political conflicts, terrorism, and pandemics such as COVID-19 cause new challenges with coordination, collaboration, and public service delivery.…”