Complementary Analysis of Metallic Templates Fabricated by Nanosphere Lithography

Abstract

We present a comparative microscopic study on metallic templates prepared by nanosphere lithography. Scanning electron microscopy, low kV Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning ion microscopy, atomic force microscopy and confocal Raman spectroscopy were used to analyse the assembly of the nano-templates. Contact angle measurements allowed us to optimise the surface treatment of the Si substrate to obtain maximal spreading and regularity of the nanosphere arrays. After metal deposition and toluene nanosphere removal, we found the expected interstitial triangular structures, originating from the 2D single layer hexagonal sphere array. We also detected a number of other features such as rings, circles, cups and lines which were found to be generally positioned below the nanospheres. A review of proposed mechanisms and the various analysis performed here indicate that some of these features are partly polymeric and partly caused by residual material leaching out of the nanospheres at various stages of the process.

Protein adsorption on nano-patterned hydrogenated amorphous carbon model surfaces

“…Some of these processing techniques do not give control of the feature geometry and symmetry. This is obviously true of etching and polishing, but also of methods based on self-organisation, such as anodic oxidation of metals [15,16] or nanosphere lithography by colloidal assembly [17], which tend to give only hexagonally-closed packed arrays. 4.…”