Complete genome analysis of African swine fever virus isolated from domestic pigs during the first ASF outbreaks in India

Abstract

African swine fever (ASF), considered as the most dreadful swine disease due to its very high mortality, emerged in India in 2020. The complete genome analysis of ASF viruses isolated during the first outbreaks in India showed a few unique nonsynonymous mutations in MGF 369-11L, MGF 505-4R, K205R and B263R genes. Frame shifts in the protein coding sequences were observed in DP60R, ASFV-G_ACD 00190, MGF 110-10-L-MGF110-14L fusion, MGF 360-14L and I267L genes of Indian ASF viruses as compared to ASFV/Georgia/2007. Complete genome based phylogenetic analysis of p72-genotype-II viruses showed the clustering of Indian isolates with ASFV/Wuhan/2019 in a separate clade. Phylogenetic analysis of concatenated sequences of 14 open reading frames (ORF) having single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) showed distinct grouping of Indian ASFVs with other Asian ASFVs. This is the first complete genome characterization of ASF viruses isolated from domestic pigs in India. The results indicate that number of Tandem Repeat Sequence (TRS) in the intergenic region between I73R and I329L genes, and the 14 ORFs with SNP reported in this study could be the genetic determinants to differentiate the closely related p72genotype II viruses circulating in Asia.

Vaccines for African swine fever: an update

“…Senthilkumar et al were the first to reveal the genomic analysis of the Indian strain, which is distantly linked to the Asian endemic strain. One important characteristic that could help identify the Asian endemic strain is the Mismatch between the I73R and I329L genes ( Senthilkumar et al, 2022 ). ASFV genotyping in Sabah in 2021 revealed that this strain is comparable to the endemic strains in China, Vietnam, and Indonesia ( Khoo et al, 2021 ).…”

Comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses of African swine fever virus strains

“…DP60R [51] , D129L, DP79L, D339L, D1133L [52] , and D117L were non-expressed ORFs in GRG2007. However, all of them had a high expression level in HLJ2018.…”

Deletion of MGF505-2R Gene Activates the cGAS-STING Pathway Leading to Attenuation and Protection against Virulent African Swine Fever Virus

“…ASFV was first identified in Africa in 1921 and spread to the Caucasus region in 2007, spreading through Russia and East Europe, affecting many countries such as Romania, Poland, Latvia, Hungary, and Czech Republic, and more recently reaching Western European countries, including Belgium, Italy, and Germany [2]. Currently, it is endemic in China, the world's largest pork producer, where it was first detected in 2018 [3], and presently affects neighboring countries such as Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar, Korea, the Philippines, Indonesia, and India [4][5][6]. It emerged in 2021 for the first time in many decades in the Americas, namely in the Dominican Republic and Haiti [7].…”