Complete Genome and Plasmid Sequences of Seven Isolates of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Harboring the
            <i>mcr-1</i>
            Gene Obtained from Food in China

Hu, Yujie; Nguyen, Scott V.; Liu, Chang; Wang, Wei; Dong, Yinping; Fanning, Séamus; Li, Fengqin

doi:10.1128/mra.00114-19

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Notably, only trfA2 was found in pMNBM077, pMNCG080-1, and pMNCG082-1, similar to IncP/P-1δ, IncP/P-1η, and plasmids in the unidentified subgroup clade (Fig. S1), namely, pCFSA664-2 ( 16 ), pMCR_1511 ( 17 ), pEN3600 ( 18 ), and pHS102707 ( 19 ). In contrast, the secondary internal translational start site in the trfA gene, encoding the putative short-form TrfA, was not found in pYKCS045 (IncP/P-1γ), as previously reported in other IncP/P-1γ plasmids ( 20 ) ( Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Hitherto-Unnoticed Self-Transmissible Plasmids Widely Distributed among Different Environments in Japan

Hayakawa

Tokuda

Kaneko

et al. 2022

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Hitherto-Unnoticed Self-Transmissible Plasmids Widely Distributed among Different Environments in Japan

Hayakawa

Tokuda

Kaneko

et al. 2022

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…pCFSA1096 is an mcr-1 -carrying plasmid sourced from an isolate of Salmonella enterica serovar London that originated from pork products in China in 2015 ( 45 ). Figure 4 shows that pSG17-135-HI2 and pCFSA1096 are highly similar, with BLAST analysis determining they share 99.98% nucleotide identity with a coverage of 92%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole-Genome Sequence Analysis of an Extensively Drug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Agona Isolate from an Australian Silver Gull (Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae) Reveals the Acquisition of Multidrug Resistance Plasmids

Cummins

Sanderson-Smith

Newton

et al. 2020

mSphere

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Although most of the approximately 94 million annual human cases of gastroenteritis due to Salmonella enterica resolve without medical intervention, antimicrobial therapy is recommended for patients with severe disease. Wild birds can be natural hosts of Salmonella that pose a threat to human health; however, multiple-drug-resistant serovars of S. enterica have rarely been described. In 2012, silver gull (Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae) chicks at a major breeding colony were shown to host Salmonella, most isolates of which were susceptible to antibiotics. However, multiple-drug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli with resistance to carbapenems, ceftazidime, and fluoroquinolones was reported from this breeding colony. In this paper, we describe a novel MDR Salmonella strain subsequently isolated from the same breeding colony. SG17-135, an isolate of S. enterica with phenotypic resistance to 12 individual antibiotics but only nine antibiotic classes including penicillins, cephalosporins, monobactams, macrolides, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors (trimethoprim), sulfonamides, and glycylcyclines was recovered from a gull chick in 2017. Whole-genome sequence (WGS) analysis of SG17-135 identified it as Salmonella enterica serovar Agona (S. Agona) with a chromosome comprising 4,813,284 bp, an IncHI2 ST2 plasmid (pSG17-135-HI2) of 311,615 bp, and an IncX1 plasmid (pSG17-135-X) of 27,511 bp. pSG17-135-HI2 housed a complex resistance region comprising 16 antimicrobial resistance genes including blaCTX-M-55. The acquisition of MDR plasmids by S. enterica described here poses a serious threat to human health. Our study highlights the importance of taking a One Health approach to identify environmental reservoirs of drug-resistant pathogens and MDR plasmids. IMPORTANCE Defining environmental reservoirs hosting mobile genetic elements that shuttle critically important antibiotic resistance genes is key to understanding antimicrobial resistance (AMR) from a One Health perspective. Gulls frequent public amenities, parklands, and sewage and other waste disposal sites and carry drug-resistant Escherichia coli. Here, we report on SG17-135, a strain of Salmonella enterica serovar Agona isolated from the cloaca of a silver gull chick nesting on an island in geographic proximity to the greater metropolitan area of Sydney, Australia. SG17-135 is closely related to pathogenic strains of S. Agona, displays resistance to nine antimicrobial classes, and carries important virulence gene cargo. Most of the antibiotic resistance genes hosted by SG17-135 are clustered on a large IncHI2 plasmid and are flanked by copies of IS26. Wild birds represent an important link in the evolution and transmission of resistance plasmids, and an understanding of their behavior is needed to expose the interplay between clinical and environmental microbial communities.

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“…Tn6330 also translocated mcr-1 into the chromosome of some E. coli isolates [90,91], similar to mcr-1-positive E. coli isolates from humans and the environment in China [242]. Chromosomally integrated mcr-1 and mcr-3 also existed in isolates of Salmonella [96] and Aeromonas [170], respectively, showing that a diversity of mcr gene types could stabilize, persist, and vertically/clonally disseminate among different genera of Enterobacterales and non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli. However, mcr-1 was located on a chromosomal integrative conjugative element (ICE), ICESk1, in Salmonella Kentucky from chicken meat [243], and IS6 flanked mcr-1 downstream in the chromosome of S. Indiana from chicken meat [153], thus suggesting that ICEs (which are modular MGEs integrated into a host genome and are passively propagated during chromosomal replication and cell division) and ISs could be involved in the integration and mobilization of the chromosomally encoded mcr gene.…”

Section: Eastern Asia Chinamentioning

confidence: 79%

“…This suggests that these birds possibly picked up the organisms from an anthropogenically/agriculturally impacted environment and are a putative source of environmental contamination with MGCB. In China, mcr-1-positive Enterobacterales and mcr-3-positive Aeromonas have been frequently recovered from waterfowl such as ducks and geese [63,89,[94][95][96][97][98][99][100]. As aquatic birds, these waterfowl possibly picked up MGCB from anthropogenically/agriculturally impacted waters.…”

Section: Fliesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobile Colistin Resistance (mcr) Gene-Containing Organisms in Poultry Sector in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Epidemiology, Characteristics, and One Health Control Strategies

et al. 2023

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Mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes (mcr-1 to mcr-10) are plasmid-encoded genes that threaten the clinical utility of colistin (COL), one of the highest-priority critically important antibiotics (HP-CIAs) used to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant bacteria in humans and animals. For more than six decades, COL has been used largely unregulated in the poultry sector in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and this has led to the development/spread of mcr gene-containing bacteria (MGCB). The prevalence rates of mcr-positive organisms from the poultry sector in LMICs between January 1970 and May 2023 range between 0.51% and 58.8%. Through horizontal gene transfer, conjugative plasmids possessing insertion sequences (ISs) (especially ISApl1), transposons (predominantly Tn6330), and integrons have enhanced the spread of mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-4, mcr-5, mcr-7, mcr-8, mcr-9, and mcr-10 in the poultry sector in LMICs. These genes are harboured by Escherichia, Klebsiella, Proteus, Salmonella, Cronobacter, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Shigella, Providencia, Aeromonas, Raoultella, Pseudomonas, and Acinetobacter species, belonging to diverse clones. The mcr-1, mcr-3, and mcr-10 genes have also been integrated into the chromosomes of these bacteria and are mobilizable by ISs and integrative conjugative elements. These bacteria often coexpress mcr with virulence genes and other genes conferring resistance to HP-CIAs, such as extended-spectrum cephalosporins, carbapenems, fosfomycin, fluoroquinolone, and tigecycline. The transmission routes and dynamics of MGCB from the poultry sector in LMICs within the One Health triad include contact with poultry birds, feed/drinking water, manure, poultry farmers and their farm workwear, farming equipment, the consumption and sale of contaminated poultry meat/egg and associated products, etc. The use of pre/probiotics and other non-antimicrobial alternatives in the raising of birds, the judicious use of non-critically important antibiotics for therapy, the banning of nontherapeutic COL use, improved vaccination, biosecurity, hand hygiene and sanitization, the development of rapid diagnostic test kits, and the intensified surveillance of mcr genes, among others, could effectively control the spread of MGCB from the poultry sector in LMICs.

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Complete Genome and Plasmid Sequences of Seven Isolates of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Harboring the mcr-1 Gene Obtained from Food in China

Cited by 5 publications

References 8 publications

Hitherto-Unnoticed Self-Transmissible Plasmids Widely Distributed among Different Environments in Japan

Hitherto-Unnoticed Self-Transmissible Plasmids Widely Distributed among Different Environments in Japan

Whole-Genome Sequence Analysis of an Extensively Drug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Agona Isolate from an Australian Silver Gull (Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae) Reveals the Acquisition of Multidrug Resistance Plasmids

Mobile Colistin Resistance (mcr) Gene-Containing Organisms in Poultry Sector in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Epidemiology, Characteristics, and One Health Control Strategies

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