Complete genome sequence of Vibrio vulnificus FORC_017 isolated from a patient with a hemorrhagic rash after consuming raw dotted gizzard shad

Abstract

BackgroundVibrio vulnificus, a resident in the human gut, is frequently found in seafood, causing food-borne illnesses including gastroenteritis and severe septicemia. While V. vulnificus has been known to be one of the major food-borne pathogens, pathogenicity and virulence factors are not fully understood yet. To extend our understanding of the pathogenesis of V. vulnificus at the genomic level, the genome of V. vulnificus FORC_017 isolated from a female patient experiencing a hemorrhagic rash was completely sequenced and analyzed.ResultsThree discontinuous contigs were generated from a hybrid assembly using Illumina MiSeq and PacBio platforms, revealing that the genome of the FORC_017 consists of two circular chromosomes and a plasmid. Chromosome I consists of 3,253,417-bp (GC content 46.49 %) containing 2943 predicted open reading frames (ORFs) and chromosome II of 1,905,745-bp (GC content 46.90 %) containing 1638 ORFs. The plasmid pFORC17 consists of 70,069-bp (GC content 43.77 %) containing 84 ORFs. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) value of the FORC_017 and CMCP6 strains was 98.53, suggesting that they are closely related.ConclusionsPathogenesis-associated genes including vvhA, rtx gene cluster, and various hemolysin genes were present in FORC_017. In addition, three complete secretion systems (Type I, II and VI) as well as iron uptake-related genes for virulence of the FORC_017 were detected, suggesting that this strain is pathogenic. Further comparative genome analysis revealed that FORC_017 and CMCP6 share major toxin genes including vvhA and rtx for pathogenesis activities. The genome information of the FORC_017 provides novel insights into pathogenicity and virulence factors of V. vulnificus.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13099-016-0104-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Adaptation to host in Vibrio vulnificus, a zoonotic pathogen that causes septicemia in fish and humans

“…piscis strains sequenced to date with an identity and coverage of almost 100% and it was also in a conjugative‐virulence plasmid (pVh1) (Pajuelo et al ., 2015) harboured by one strain of V. harveyi isolated from a diseased farmed seabass (Pajuelo et al ., ). Surprisingly, both genes were also present in other recently isolated V. vulnificus strains, one from a woman infected after ingestion of raw fish (sushi) and the other from a fish farm water (Danin‐Poleg et al ., ; Chung et al ., ) (Fig. D).…”

Biochemical Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of the Virulence Factor Lysine Decarboxylase From Vibrio vulnificus

“…Despite many studies being conducted on the physiological function of CadA in V. vulnificus (VvCadA), very little is known about its enzymatic characteristics. Draft or complete genome sequences of several strains of V. vulnificus have been reported (Efimov et al, 2015; Chung et al, 2016), and these genomes generally contain one cadA , but not ldcC .…”

Whole-genome comparison between reference sequences and oyster Vibrio vulnificus C-genotype strains

“…vulnificus reference genomes. The estimated sizes for the entire CICESE-316 and CICESE-325 genomes were ~4.76 and ~4.71 Mb, respectively—smaller than the 5.2 Mb that has been reported for CMCP6 and FORC_017, the 5.3-Mb YJ016 genome, and the 5.0-Mb MO6-24/O genome [26, 27, 41]. These data show that the differences between C-genotype V .…”