Completing the purine utilisation pathway of Aspergillus nidulans

Gournas, Christos; Oestreicher, Nathalie; Amillis, Sotiris; Diallinas, George; Scazzocchio, Claudio

doi:10.1016/j.fgb.2011.03.004

Cited by 31 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Interestingly, the expression of uaY does not require induction, nitrogen derepression, or functional AreA (397). In A. nidulans, uaX and uaW encode enzymes that catalyze the conversion of the product of urate oxidation by urate oxidase, 5-hydroxyisourate, to optically active allantoin (401).…”

Section: Nitrogen Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Genomes of Three Uneven Siblings: Footprints of the Lifestyles of Three Trichoderma Species

Schmoll

Dattenböck

Carreras-Villaseñor

et al. 2016

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

167

195

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SUMMARYThe genusTrichodermacontains fungi with high relevance for humans, with applications in enzyme production for plant cell wall degradation and use in biocontrol. Here, we provide a broad, comprehensive overview of the genomic content of these species for “hot topic” research aspects, including CAZymes, transport, transcription factors, and development, along with a detailed analysis and annotation of less-studied topics, such as signal transduction, genome integrity, chromatin, photobiology, or lipid, sulfur, and nitrogen metabolism inT. reesei,T. atroviride, andT. virens, and we open up new perspectives to those topics discussed previously. In total, we covered more than 2,000 of the predicted 9,000 to 11,000 genes of eachTrichodermaspecies discussed, which is >20% of the respective gene content. Additionally, we considered available transcriptome data for the annotated genes. Highlights of our analyses include overall carbohydrate cleavage preferences due to the different genomic contents and regulation of the respective genes. We found light regulation of many sulfur metabolic genes. Additionally, a new Golgi 1,2-mannosidase likely involved inN-linked glycosylation was detected, as were indications for the ability ofTrichodermaspp. to generate hybrid galactose-containingN-linked glycans. The genomic inventory of effector proteins revealed numerous compounds unique toTrichoderma, and these warrant further investigation. We found interesting expansions in theTrichodermagenus in several signaling pathways, such as G-protein-coupled receptors, RAS GTPases, and casein kinases. A particularly interesting feature absolutely unique toT. atrovirideis the duplication of the alternative sulfur amino acid synthesis pathway.

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Section: Nitrogen Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Genomes of Three Uneven Siblings: Footprints of the Lifestyles of Three Trichoderma Species

Schmoll

Dattenböck

Carreras-Villaseñor

et al. 2016

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

167

195

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…While purine metabolism has not been well characterized in A. fumigatus , more extensive characterization of the pathway in Aspergillus species has been carried out in Aspergillus nidulans , with all enzyme-encoding genes believed to be associated with degradation, salvage, and de novo biosynthesis of purines identified in this species [87,88,89,90]. BLASTp analysis using A. nidulans orthologs revealed that the majority of purine degradation components are also likely present in A. fumigatus.…”

Section: Purine Metabolism In Aspergillus Fumigatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purine Acquisition and Synthesis by Human Fungal Pathogens

Chitty

Fraser

2017

Microorganisms

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While members of the Kingdom Fungi are found across many of the world’s most hostile environments, only a limited number of species can thrive within the human host. The causative agents of the most common invasive fungal infections are Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Cryptococcus neoformans. During the infection process, these fungi must not only combat the host immune system while adapting to dramatic changes in temperature and pH, but also acquire sufficient nutrients to enable growth and dissemination in the host. One class of nutrients required by fungi, which is found in varying concentrations in their environmental niches and the human host, is the purines. These nitrogen-containing heterocycles are one of the most abundant organic molecules in nature and are required for roles as diverse as signal transduction, energy metabolism and DNA synthesis. The most common life-threatening fungal pathogens can degrade, salvage and synthesize de novo purines through a number of enzymatic steps that are conserved. While these enable them to adapt to the changing purine availability in the environment, only de novo purine biosynthesis is essential during infection and therefore an attractive antimycotic target.

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“…However, enzyme induction by purines stops after supplementing the medium with NH 4 + or NO 3 - as nitrogen sources, which is in contrast to the situation in N. crassa where the enzyme is induced in the presence of NO 3 - , but not with NH 4 + . It is known that in A. nidulans, NH 4 + inactivates the GATA factor AreA, which is responsible for expression of the urate-xanthine transporter [47]. It is not clear which mechanism triggers the repression with NH 4 + and NO 3 - in A. adeninivorans [4].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The complete genome of Blastobotrys (Arxula) adeninivorans LS3 - a yeast of biotechnological interest

Kunze

Gaillardin

Czernicka³

et al. 2014

Biotechnol Biofuels

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BackgroundThe industrially important yeast Blastobotrys (Arxula) adeninivorans is an asexual hemiascomycete phylogenetically very distant from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Its unusual metabolic flexibility allows it to use a wide range of carbon and nitrogen sources, while being thermotolerant, xerotolerant and osmotolerant.ResultsThe sequencing of strain LS3 revealed that the nuclear genome of A. adeninivorans is 11.8 Mb long and consists of four chromosomes with regional centromeres. Its closest sequenced relative is Yarrowia lipolytica, although mean conservation of orthologs is low. With 914 introns within 6116 genes, A. adeninivorans is one of the most intron-rich hemiascomycetes sequenced to date. Several large species-specific families appear to result from multiple rounds of segmental duplications of tandem gene arrays, a novel mechanism not yet described in yeasts. An analysis of the genome and its transcriptome revealed enzymes with biotechnological potential, such as two extracellular tannases (Atan1p and Atan2p) of the tannic-acid catabolic route, and a new pathway for the assimilation of n-butanol via butyric aldehyde and butyric acid.ConclusionsThe high-quality genome of this species that diverged early in Saccharomycotina will allow further fundamental studies on comparative genomics, evolution and phylogenetics. Protein components of different pathways for carbon and nitrogen source utilization were identified, which so far has remained unexplored in yeast, offering clues for further biotechnological developments. In the course of identifying alternative microorganisms for biotechnological interest, A. adeninivorans has already proved its strengthened competitiveness as a promising cell factory for many more applications.

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Completing the purine utilisation pathway of Aspergillus nidulans

Cited by 31 publications

References 64 publications

The Genomes of Three Uneven Siblings: Footprints of the Lifestyles of Three Trichoderma Species

The Genomes of Three Uneven Siblings: Footprints of the Lifestyles of Three Trichoderma Species

Purine Acquisition and Synthesis by Human Fungal Pathogens

The complete genome of Blastobotrys (Arxula) adeninivorans LS3 - a yeast of biotechnological interest

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