Complex Coronary Instent Chronic Total Occlusion Lesions: Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Coronary Stent Lengths

Abstract

The oxidative stress and inflammation played the key roles in the development of atherosclerotic coronary plaques. However, the relationships between pro/antioxidant, pro/anti-inflammatory status, and complex coronary instent chronic total occlusion lesions were not clear in the elderly patients with very long stent implantations. We tried to evaluate the roles of pro/antioxidant and pro/anti-inflammatory biomarkers in the diagnosis of complex reocclusion lesions in elderly patients after coronary stenting. We evaluated the expression levels of acrolein (ACR), malondialdehyde (MDA), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3), paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) in the elderly patients with very long stent implantations and complex reocclusion lesions. Levels of ACR, MDA, hs-CRP, and TNF-α were remarkably increased ( P < 0.001 ), and levels of SOD3, PON-1, eNOS, and SDF-1α were decreased significantly ( P < 0.001 ) in the elderly patients with very long stents and complex reocclusion lesions. The prooxidant and proinflammatory biomarkers were remarkably increased, as well as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory biomarkers were decreased significantly in the elderly patients with very long stent implantations and complex reocclusion lesions after coronary stenting. In conclusion, these findings indicated that the imbalance between prooxidant/proinflammatory and antioxidant/anti-inflammatory status was associated with complex reocclusion lesions, suggesting that oxidative stress and inflammation played the key roles in progression of complex reocclusion lesions in the elderly patients with very long stent implantations.

Effects of oxidized soybean oil on the performance of sows and jejunum health of suckling piglets

“…Previous studies have shown that oxidative damage is associated with inflammation (Mohammed et al, 2021). Oxidative stress also increases the pro‐inflammatory response to induce more severe oxidative stress (Li et al, 2021). IL‐6, IL‐8, and TNF‐α are all pro‐inflammatory biomarkers (Rajandran et al, 2020).…”

Association between Oxidative Burden and Restenosis: A Case-Control Study

“…However, no significant differences were observed between the studied groups regarding other OS markers including thiol levels, antioxidant enzyme activities, and TAC. Previously, an increase in markers of OS has been observed after coronary stent implantation, suggesting OS as a trigger of a complex chain of events leading to restenosis [ 16 , 17 ]. Limitations of the evaluation of MDA, which showed a higher levels in ISR patients compared to the healthy group, have been discussed; however, the test is very simple, rapid, inexpensive, and relatively reliable [ 18 ].…”

The Usefulness of C-Reactive Protein to Albumin Ratio in the Prediction of Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Coronary Chronic Total Occlusion Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

“…Inflammation plays a vital role in disease progression and the prognosis of patients, it can not only accelerate the formation of plaque lesions but also promote the progression of complex re-occlusion lesions in elderly patients with very long stent implantations ( 5 , 30 ). C-reactive protein acts as a biomarker of inflammation and a hallmark of acute-phase response, which can strongly reflect the inflammation status of patients.…”