Complex Interplay of Psychiatry Disorders, Fractures, and Osteoporosis: A Mendelian Randomization Study

Abstract

Background Neurodevelopmental disorders, such as Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and Tourette Syndrome (TS), have been extensively studied for their multifaceted impacts on psychological, social, and emotional well-being. Recently, there has been growing interest in their potential relationship with fracture risks in adulthood. This study aims to explore the associations between these disorders and fracture rates, considering factors like self-harm and the impact of psychotropic medications. Methods Employing a novel approach, this study utilized Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the complex interplay between ADHD, ASD, TS, and fractures. The MR framework, leveraging extensive genomic datasets, facilitated a systematic examination of potential causal relationships and genetic predispositions. Results The findings unveil intriguing bidirectional causal links between ADHD, ASD, and specific types of fractures. Notably, ADHD is identified as a risk factor for fractures, with pronounced associations in various anatomical regions, including the skull, trunk, and lower limbs. Conversely, individuals with specific fractures, notably those affecting the femur and lumbar spine, exhibit an increased genetic predisposition to ADHD and ASD. These results provide a genetic perspective on the complex relationships between neurodevelopmental disorders and fractures, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis, intervention, and a holistic approach to healthcare. Conclusion This research sheds new light on the intricate connections between neurodevelopmental disorders and fractures, offering valuable insights into potential risk factors and causal links. The bidirectional causal relationships between ADHD, ASD, and specific fractures highlight the need for comprehensive clinical approaches that consider both psychological and physical well-being. Early diagnosis, pharmacological interventions, and diligent monitoring of bone health are essential components of improved healthcare strategies for individuals with ADHD and ASD.