Complex Partial Seizure and Hippocampus Atrophy Caused by Tramadol Abuse: A Case Study

Ahmadi, Mohammad Reza; Hoseinzade, Alireza; Haghighi, Samaneh; Yosefi, Sajad

doi:10.5812/amh.61240

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 11 publications

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“…The ΔN max <0 indicates the molecule acts as an electron donor. 37 In gas and solvent phase, Iopamidol are electron acceptors and can have significant power of electron affinity. The ΔN max index of Iopamidol increases as follow: gas < chloroform < acetic acid < ethanol =DMF =DMSO < water at the B3LYP/ LANL2DZ basis set.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical B3LYP Study on Electronic Structure of Contrast Agent Iopamidol

Genç

Kandemirli²,

Kandemi̇rlı

2021

ACSi

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Nonionic low-osmolar contrast agents are thought about safe for intravenous or intra-arterial administration. Iopamidol is one of the contrast agents used for diagnostic clinical computed tomography (CT) protocols last four decades years. The molecular structure of Iopamidol was calculated by the B3LYP density functional model with the LANL2DZ basis set by the Gaussian program. The natural bond orbital analysis in terms of the hybridization of atoms and the electronic structure of the title molecule have been analyzed by using the data obtained from the quantum chemical results. First-order hyperpolarizability (βtot), the dipole moment (μ) and polarizability (α) and anisotropic polarizability (Δα) of the molecule have been reported. HOMO and LUMO energies and parameters related to energies, and dipole moment, polarizability and hyperpolarizability show minor dependences on the solvent polarity. The hardness of Iopamidol decreases with increasing solvent polarity. The stability of the Iopamidol contrast agent with the hyper conjugative interactions, charge delocalization has been analyzed using natural bond orbital analysis. In addition, thermodynamic properties were obtained in the range of 200–1000 K.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical B3LYP Study on Electronic Structure of Contrast Agent Iopamidol

Genç

Kandemirli²,

Kandemi̇rlı

2021

ACSi

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Does Tramadol Exposure Have Unfavorable Effects on Hippocampus? A Review Study

Ezi,

Shadi,

Vafaei-Nezhad

et al. 2024

Addict Health

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Background: Tramadol, one of the most common opioid pain relievers, acts upon the µ-receptor in the central nervous system (CNS) to alleviate pain associated with various situations like postoperative pain, arthritis, and muscular pain. Additionally, it has been utilized to address depression and anxiety disorders. Extensive research has shown that tramadol can potentially inflict irreversible harm on different regions of the CNS, including the cerebrum, cerebellum, amygdala, and, notably, the hippocampal formation. However, the precise mechanism behind these effects remains unclear. Within this study, we conducted a comprehensive examination of the impacts of tramadol on the CNS, specifically focusing on hippocampal formation. Methods: In this study, we collected relevant articles published between 2000 and 2022 by conducting searches using specific keywords, including tramadol, tramadol hydrochloride, central nervous system, hippocampus, and hippocampal formation, in various databases. Findings: The results of this study proposed several processes by which tramadol may impact the CNS, including the induction of apoptosis, autophagy, excessive production of free radicals, and dysfunction of cellular organelles. These processes ultimately lead to disturbances in neural cell function, particularly within the hippocampus. Furthermore, it is revealed that tramadol administration led to a significant decrease in the neural cell count and the volume of various regions within the brain and spinal cord. Conclusion: Consequently, neuropsychological impairments, such as memory formation, attention deficits, and cognitive impairment, may happen. This finding highlights the potential impacts of tramadol on neural structures and warrants further investigation.

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Complex Partial Seizure and Hippocampus Atrophy Caused by Tramadol Abuse: A Case Study

Cited by 2 publications

References 11 publications

Theoretical B3LYP Study on Electronic Structure of Contrast Agent Iopamidol

Theoretical B3LYP Study on Electronic Structure of Contrast Agent Iopamidol

Does Tramadol Exposure Have Unfavorable Effects on Hippocampus? A Review Study

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