Complex Polysaccharide-Based Nanocomposites for Oral Insulin Delivery

Abstract

Polyelectrolyte nanocomposites rarely reach a stable state and aggregation often occurs. Here, we report the synthesis of nanocomposites for the oral delivery of insulin composed of alginate, dextran sulfate, poly-(ethylene glycol) 4000, poloxamer 188, chitosan, and bovine serum albumin. The nanocomposites were obtained by Ca2+-induced gelation of alginate followed by an electrostatic-interaction process among the polyelectrolytes. Chitosan seemed to be essential for the final size of the nanocomposites and there was an optimal content that led to the synthesis of nanocomposites of 400–600 nm hydrodynamic size. The enhanced stability of the synthesized nanocomposites was assessed with LUMiSizer after synthesis. Nanocomposite stability over time and under variations of ionic strength and pH were assessed with dynamic light scattering. The rounded shapes of nanocomposites were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. After loading with insulin, analysis by HPLC revealed complete drug release under physiologically simulated conditions.

Advanced Technologies for the Extraction of Marine Brown Algal Polysaccharides

“…It consists mainly of fucose interconnected by α(1,3) glycoside bonds, Figure 2. Structure of alginates [35].…”

Natural Polysaccharide Based Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites for Removal of Dyes from Wastewater: A Review

“…In addition, several useful properties such as nontoxicity, high efficiency, abundance, low cost, and eco-friendly nature − of polysaccharides classifies them as an ideal source of sustainable materials for the purpose of water purification. Such nanocomposites, apart from having significant adsorption ability, also possess useful pharmacological properties such as antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer properties and have applications in diverse fields such as drug delivery, bone regeneration, , and gene delivery . Most importantly, they exhibit excellent performance as an ideal and sustainable eco-friendly material in the field of wastewater remediation through the removal of heavy metal ions , and dye contaminants because of their adsorption, oxidation, and catalytic properties.…”

Chitosan/Albumin Coating Factorial Optimization of Alginate/Dextran Sulfate Cores for Oral Delivery of Insulin

“…Biopolymer blend-based nanoparticles have been used with success for oral delivery of insulin. Examples include alginate and chitosan [ 11 ], sterculia gum and chitosan [ 12 ], and dextran sulfate and chitosan [ 13 ]. Among their advantages are biocompatibility, biodegradability and multipurpose functions assigned to biopolymers [ 14 ].…”

“…This is because albumin could act as a protein sacrificial target for local enzymatic degradation [ 23 , 24 ]. Premature insulin release and degradation stand out among the factors that counteract the pharmacological action of orally delivered insulin [ 13 ].…”

“…We have optimized the properties of multilayer complex nanoparticles for specific purposes, such as nanoparticle size and stability. Among the several components, chitosan has significantly impacted nanoparticle physicochemical properties [ 13 ], which is especially interesting given that chitosan has been one of the most challenging components to standardize in biopolymer-based nanoparticle formulations [ 25 ]. The amount of chitosan used in biopolymer-based nanoparticles has been shown to play a principal role in drug release from chitosan complexes with alginate [ 15 ] and zein [ 26 , 27 ].…”