Complex Resistance to Leaf Diseases of Spring Barley in Leningrad Region

Abstract

The article presents a study of the comparative characteristics of new promising lines of spring barley L1623 (nutans), L1505 (pallidum) and standards of varieties Suzdalets (nutans) and Leningrad (pallidum) on resistance to leaf diseases in various meteorological conditions of the growing season of 2012-2017. Assessment of leaf pathogens was carried out on a natural infectious background. Barley leaves were infested with powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis / DC), dark brown (Cochliobolus sativus Jto and Kurb) and mesh (Pyrenophora teres, Drechsl) patches. It was found that at an elevated air temperature and a large amount of precipitation (2013, 2014, 2016), the development of dark brown leaf spot reached 30-40%. In dry and warm weather (2012, 2015), the development of leaf pathogens was weak from 1 to 10%. The defeat of the net leaf spot in our experiments under any suitable conditions was 5-10% weak. The resistance to the dark brown patches of the new promising lines L1505 and L1623 is significantly higher than the standards. There were no significant differences in the degree of damage to the net spotting of these varieties.

Breeding spring barley for ecological plasticity and adaptability in the North-Western Region

“…The northern part of the site is slightly undulating plain, hollow down to the south, well drained, deeply incised valley. Oredezh only in the western part is suffering from temporarily excessive moisture [9]. The southern part of the site has a crossed moraine-erosion relief.…”

Assessment of the adaptive potential and ecological plasticity of a new variety of spring barley Fermerskiy for Northwest Russia

“…Barley is a fast and early ripening crop, and one of the most adapted to growing in a wide variety of climatic conditions, from subarctic to subtropical [12][13][14][15][16]. Barley is widespread in various climatic zones (except for equatorial), up to 70 degree North.…”

“…Over 100 varieties of spring barley and over 40 varieties of winter barley have been zoned in Russia. Many breeding centers across the country are involved in barley breeding [13,14,22].…”

“…The most important crop is spring barley. As of 2019, in the Leningrad Region the barley area harvested amounted to 24.6 thousand hectares, and the gross harvest was 83.6 thousand tons [13,14]. The creation and introduction of new high-yielding varieties that meet the requirements of modern agricultural production is the most important task for breeders.…”

“…In early spring, night frosts are common, which slows down the first stages of organogenesis. Arid conditions in May and excessive moisture in July-August result in that the formed plastic substances do not always become the basis for a high yield [13,14].…”