Complex Two in the Early Bronze II Upper Town of Küllüoba near Eskişehir

Efe, Turan; Fidan, Erkan

doi:10.2143/ana.34.0.2031565

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…BC, and to place the unstratified surface materials (termed as 'Q') within a few generations later (table 1). Thanks to detailed work on ceramic chronotypology associated with stratigraphic analysis and four radiocarbon dates, the more recent excavations at Küllüoba (ca 50km away as the crow flies) have further confirmed the validity of the Demircihüyük sequence (Efe, Ay Efe 2000;Efe, Fidan 2008;Sarı 2009;2012;Türkteki 2012). In addition, Demircihüyük can be quite easily linked with the Trojan sequence which, despite the long-standing problems of relating Carl Blegen's results with those of the renewed excavations of Manfred Korfmann, still repre-52 sents the most important 'stratigraphic pillar' in western Anatolia (Bachhuber 2008: 24).…”

Section: The Relative and Absolute Chronology Of Demircihüyükmentioning

confidence: 87%

Patterns of metal procurement, manufacture and exchange in Early Bronze Age northwestern Anatolia: Demircihüyük and beyond

2017

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This paper adds a new interpretive layer to the already extremely well-investigated site of Demircihüyük, a small Early Bronze Age settlement at the northwestern fringes of the central Anatolian plateau. It presents a reassessment of the evidence for prehistoric mining in the region, as well as a new programme of chemical composition analysis integrated with an object functional and technological typology of the site's metal assemblages. The results reveal complex manufacturing techniques (such as bivalve mould casting, plating and lost wax) and the co-occurrence of several alloying types, including the earliest tin bronzes in the region. Object typology further indicates that the Demircihüyük community was at the intersection of two distinct metallurgical networks: one centred on the western Anatolian highlands, the other spanning the northern part of the central plateau. Additionally, several strands of evidence suggest that the beginning of interregional exchanges, linking central Anatolia to northern Levantine and Mesopotamian societies, may have started at an earlier date than the commonly assumed ca 3000–2800 BC.

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Section: The Relative and Absolute Chronology Of Demircihüyükmentioning

confidence: 87%

Patterns of metal procurement, manufacture and exchange in Early Bronze Age northwestern Anatolia: Demircihüyük and beyond

2017

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“…No. 14 Küllüoba, Troy and Karataş (data from Weninger 1987;Efe 1988;Efe, Fidan 2008;Sarı 2009). <0.05, meaning that the observed pattern has five chances out of 100 to be the product of randomness; lower p-values increase the level of significance.…”

Section: Demircihöyükmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Bronze Age burial customs on the central Anatolian plateau: a view from Demircihöyük-Sarıket

Massa

2014

Anatol. Stud.

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This paper focuses on the analysis of the cemetery of Demircihöyük-Sarıket, for which exists one of the largest Early Bronze Age funerary datasets published to date in Anatolia. The size and quality of the sample allow the dataset to be approached quantitatively, to determine both normative and anomalous funerary practices, and to detect distinct patterns of burial treatment for different segments of the population represented in the cemetery. Despite the small size of the community (ca 100–130 people), the results suggest a rather complex picture, in which the choice of specific burial containers, the relative wealth of grave assemblages and the selection of particular sets of items were dependent on differences in the age, gender, occupation and achieved status of the deceased. Comparison with other contemporary funerary assemblages helps to place Demircihöyük-Sarıket and these community-scale observations within their wider cultural context in central Anatolia.

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“…The site of Küllüoba (39°55´83.65″N/30°74´32.54″E) is an ongoing excavation with a well‐documented stratigraphic sequence spanning over 1300 years ( c .3300–1950 cal BCE) (Efe & Ay‐Efe, 2007; Türkteki, 2021). The settlement is about 4 ha in size and around 2650–2550 cal BCE (levels IVD–IVC) is characterized by a compound of public buildings surrounded by domestic structures (Efe & Fidan, 2008). Several finds indicate the participation of Küllüoba in supra‐regional trade networks, particularly between 2500 and 2200 BCE (Efe, 2007, 2020).…”

Section: The Archaeological Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward an understanding of the exchange in ancient scented oils through organic residue analysis of Bronze Age Near Eastern ceramic bottles by GC‐MS

et al. 2023

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This paper presents a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) organic residue analysis (ORA) of samples extracted from five Early Bronze Age ceramic bottles excavated at the archaeological site of Küllüoba in Anatolia (modern Turkey), and the first attempt at directly analysing the content of this category of products. Our results show that various types of liquid have been contained in different bottles and identify the presence of dicarboxylic and oleic acids with a large amount of palmitic acid in most samples, suggesting that they may have mostly contained a plant-based oil. The presence of diterpenoids further shows the addition of ingredients such as conifer resin and other plant-derived products. Overall, the analytical results presented here indicate the exchange of scented oils in Anatolia already during the late third millennium BCE. The different organic residue profiles contained in different samples also suggest a range of different recipes for these products.

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Complex Two in the Early Bronze II Upper Town of Küllüoba near Eskişehir

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Patterns of metal procurement, manufacture and exchange in Early Bronze Age northwestern Anatolia: Demircihüyük and beyond

Patterns of metal procurement, manufacture and exchange in Early Bronze Age northwestern Anatolia: Demircihüyük and beyond

Early Bronze Age burial customs on the central Anatolian plateau: a view from Demircihöyük-Sarıket

Toward an understanding of the exchange in ancient scented oils through organic residue analysis of Bronze Age Near Eastern ceramic bottles by GC‐MS

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