Complexity of antigens in relation to zones in the precipitation reaction

Goldsworthy, N. E.; Rudd, G. V.

doi:10.1002/path.1700400116

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Presumably this was due to the presence of globulin impurity in the albumin preparation. Goldsworthy & Rudd (1935) obtained similar results.…”

Section: Introduction To the Experimental Methodssupporting

confidence: 79%

“…The optimal tube was noted and the titration repeated twice. Absorption Precipitin was absorbed by mixing antigen and antiserum in optimal proportions, as done by Duncan (1932) and Goldsworthy & Rudd (1935). The reagents were mixed in a centrifuge tube in optimal proportions with attention to rapid mixing.…”

Section: Determination Of Optimal Proportionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hektoen & Welker (1925) noted that injections of dog serum failed to cali forth precipitins for dog pseudoglobulin and albumin. Goldsworthy & Rudd (1935) noted considerable variations in the precipitin response of rabbits to injections of horse serum, and mention antisera in which the sole antibody present was anti-albumin, and others in which it was anti-globulin. This failure of animals to produce precipitins for all the proteins in a serum is frequently shown in the results of optimal proportions titrations by the position or lack of zones of reaction.…”

Section: Introduction To the Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Goldsworthy & Rudd (1935) investigated anti-horse sera exhibiting two zones when titrated against horse serum, and showed that one zone was due to an albumin-anti-albumin system and the other to a globulin-antiglobulin system. Naylor (1948,1950) investigated a pool of rabbit anti-horse serum showing at least four zones, and showed that these zones were due to different antigenic components in horse serum, but the detailed analysis of the antigens responsible for the individual zones was complicated by the fact that fractions of horse serum prepared by ammonium sulphate precipitation contained more than one antigen.…”

Section: Introduction To the Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The formation of precipitates on mixing anti-horse sera

Naylor

1950

J. Hyg.

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INTRODUCTIONIt has been known for many years that a precipitate occasionally appears when two homologous antisera are mixed. If two rabbits be immunized with horse serum, by a similar series of injections, the antisera so produced will precipitate when mixed with suitable dilutions of horse serum, and a mixture of the two antisera will also occasionally develop a precipitate. Several possible suggestions have been put forward to account for this 'mutual' precipitation of antisera. Some workers think that one or both of the rabbit anti-horse sera contain remnants of horse serum, and that for some reason homologous antigen and antibody may co-exist side by side in the same antiserum without undergoing precipitation, whereas others think that horse serum is a mixture of antigens and that an antihorse serum may contain some of the antigenic components of the injected horse serum together with antibodies for other antigens of horse serum, but not homologous antigen and antibody. Consequently such an anti-horse serum will give a precipitate on mixing with horse serum, and a precipitate will also result when this antiserum containing antigenic components of horse serum is mixed with another anti-horse serum containing antibodies for these particular antigens.The experiments which help to elucidate this problem may be grouped into two categories. In the first category there is a series of experiments designed to investigate the equilibrium of precipitation reactions. In these experiments precipitinogen and precipitin have been mixed in various proportions and, after the formation of a precipitate, the supernatant fluid has been examined for the presence of antigen by adding antiserum and for the presence of antibody by adding antigen. The second category of experiments is concerned with searches for antigen in the blood of animals which have received injections of an antigen. In this case an animal, which has previously been immunized with an antigen, receives an inj ection of thesame antigen and, at varying intervals following the injection, samples of blood are withdrawn and the sera tested for precipitins by mixing with antigen, and for antigen by mixing with the serum of the same animal obtained before the test injection or with the serum of another animal similarly immunized.Linossier & Lemoine (1902) investigated the equilibrium of precipitation reactions using various animal sera (horse, human and bovine) as antigens, and concluded that when antigen and antiserum were mixed in various proportions there were three zones. At one end of the scale the supernatant fluid contained antigen, at the other end antibody and, in a broad intermediate zone, both antigen and antibody could be demonstrated in the supernatant fluid. They exDlained their results on a chemical basis, postulating that for complete preThe formation of precipitates on mixing anti-horse sera cipitation of one reagent, the other must be added in great excess. Eisenberg (1902) obtained similar results and also explained the phenomenon on the basis of an ...

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“…Presumably this was due to the presence of globulin impurity in the albumin preparation. Goldsworthy & Rudd (1935) obtained similar results.…”

Section: Introduction To the Experimental Methodssupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Determination Of Optimal Proportionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction To the Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction To the Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The formation of precipitates on mixing anti-horse sera

Naylor

1950

J. Hyg.

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“…Since this publication two anti-horse sera have been examined which contained antialbumin but no antiglobulin in the main zone. Recently similar findings have been reported by Goldsworthy and Rudd (1935).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 89%

The Demonstration of the Increase of Globulin in Diphtheria Antitoxins by the Precipitation Reaction

Taylor

1935

J. Hyg.

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1. By titration against horse serum and its protein fractions anti-horse sera can be divided into three groups, according to the antibodies responsible for the main or earliest particulating zone, namely the sera containing antibodies against (a) globulin only, (b) albumin only, and (c) both globulin and albumin.2. For the quantitative estimation of a protein fraction in a horse serum it is necessary to use an antiserum containing a main zone antibody acting with that protein only.This is illustrated in experiments, designed to show the increased globulin content of diphtheria antitoxin, in which antisera containing antibodies against both globulin and albumin failed to register an increase in the globulin content.

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Antigene

Schmidt

1955

Fortschritte Der Serologie

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Complexity of antigens in relation to zones in the precipitation reaction

Cited by 9 publications

References 26 publications

The formation of precipitates on mixing anti-horse sera

The formation of precipitates on mixing anti-horse sera

The Demonstration of the Increase of Globulin in Diphtheria Antitoxins by the Precipitation Reaction

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