2007
DOI: 10.1126/science.1144004
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Complexity of Coupled Human and Natural Systems

Abstract: Integrated studies of coupled human and natural systems reveal new and complex patterns and processes not evident when studied by social or natural scientists separately. Synthesis of six case studies from around the world shows that couplings between human and natural systems vary across space, time, and organizational units. They also exhibit nonlinear dynamics with thresholds, reciprocal feedback loops, time lags, resilience, heterogeneity, and surprises. Furthermore, past couplings have legacy effects on p… Show more

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Cited by 2,891 publications
(1,844 citation statements)
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References 25 publications
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“…With the choice X 1 = h(x, y, z) = x L the standard function (4) is made of N d = 7 terms of which two are rational. The standard function F x L has therefore two singular terms (corresponding to parameters α 5 and α 7 ) in X 1 = 0.…”
Section: B Lorenz Equationsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…With the choice X 1 = h(x, y, z) = x L the standard function (4) is made of N d = 7 terms of which two are rational. The standard function F x L has therefore two singular terms (corresponding to parameters α 5 and α 7 ) in X 1 = 0.…”
Section: B Lorenz Equationsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Complex interactions and feedback mechanisms exist between human and natural systems within coupled social and ecological systems (Liu et al 2007;Li and Li 2012). As a result of these mechanisms, human society is a major driving force that changes ecosystem dynamics at scales ranging from the local environment to the whole biosphere (Kirch 2005;Liu et al 2007).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As a result of these mechanisms, human society is a major driving force that changes ecosystem dynamics at scales ranging from the local environment to the whole biosphere (Kirch 2005;Liu et al 2007). In turn, human society is affected by changes in ecosystems, including a growing scarcity of resources such as water (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005;Janssen et al 2007;Kok and Veldkamp 2011).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Alguns caminhos para a integração dessas esferas em processos de GA mais condizentes com as realidades para quais se destinam, seria a construção de relações mais igualitárias e claras entre elas. E o reconhecimento cada vez maior de que seres humanos e ambiente constituem instâncias totalmente integradas (TURNER II et al, 2003;NEWELL et al, 2005;SCHOLZ;BINDER, 2004;LIU et al, 2007). Sendo assim, deve-se pensar na viabilidade desse complexo interativo como um todo.…”
Section: Considerações Finaisunclassified
“…Tais respostas também irão influenciar novas alterações e adaptações nos demais sistemas. Logo, os seres humanos se adaptam às mudanças em seus ambientes e também os alteram ativamente, transformando-os, e novamente respondem a essas alterações mudando suas ideias e práticas num processo complexo e dinâmico (TURNER II et al, 2003;NEWELL et al, 2005;SCHOLZ;BINDER, 2004;LIU et al, 2007).…”
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