Componentes de la variabilidad espacial en el manejo por sitio específico en banano

Abstract

Resumen -El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la variabilidad espacial de la producción de banano en función de variables físicas y químicas del suelo y de las características fisiográficas de la finca, con miras a seleccionar aquellas con mayor potencial de uso en programas de manejo por sitio específico. Se georreferenciaron 130 unidades productivas de banano clon Williams (Cavendish AAA) distribuidas en cuatro lotes de la finca y tres unidades de suelo. Se determinó el peso del racimo y la cantidad de raíz funcional, para cada planta, y 35 variables físicas y químicas del suelo. Se relacionó la variabilidad espacial de la producción en función de las variables del suelo, a partir de cuatro estrategias: ejes coordenados como covariables; variables físicas y químicas del suelo y raíz funcional como covariables; división del análisis por lotes; y división del análisis por unidades de suelo. La división por lotes resultó ser la mejor estrategia para modelar la variabilidad espacial de la producción de banano. El análisis por este modelo permitió establecer grupos de variables del suelo que se relacionaron significativamente y explicaron más del 69% del peso de los racimos de banano dentro de cada lote. Estos grupos de variables son los de mayor potencial para el establecimiento de un programa de manejo por sitio específico.Términos para indexación: Musa acuminata, agricultura de precisión, geoestadística, tendencia espacial, variograma. Components of the spatial variability in site-specific management in bananaAbstract -The objective of this work was to evaluate the spatial variability of banana production, in function of physical and chemical variables of soil and of farm physiographic characteristics, in order to select those with the greatest potential for use in site-specific management program. One hundred thirty productive units of banana clone Williams (Cavendish AAA) distributed in four lots and tree soils units of the farm were georeferenced. The bunch weight and root functionality were determined for each plant, as well as 35 physical and chemical soil variables. The spatial variability of the production was evaluated in function of these soil variables, using four different strategies: axes as covariates; both physic and chemical soil properties as covariates; analysis made by individual plot; and analysis made by soil unit. The individual plot study was the best strategy to model the spatial variability of banana production. This analysis model allowed to set soil variable groups which were significantly correlated and precisely explained more than 69% of the bunch weight inside the plots. These groups of variables are the ones with higher potential for the establishment of a site-specific management program.

Relationship Between Soil Properties and Banana Productivity in the Two Main Cultivation Areas in Venezuela

“…Nowadays there is a great interest from banana farmers in Venezuela, among other producing countries, to optimize input use in plantations. For this, characterizing the productive efficiency of banana plots will facilitate the delimitation of zones for differentiated management (Castañeda et al 2010). This study identified the soil properties most associated with banana productivity in two producing areas if Venezuela to explore the potential development of empirical simple models that could help in predicting the banana productivity by estimating a PI as a function of soil characteristics.…”

“…Similarly, banana at high soil compaction presents a significant decrease in the total number of leaves, the average leaf area, the total leaf area, the diameter of the pseudo stem, and the height of the succession plant (Villarreal-Núñez et al 2013). Drastic changes in soil aggregation, in the presence of expandable clays, or soil compaction associated with less porosity and poor drainage, could damage roots and affects banana production (Araya and Blanco 2001;Castañeda et al 2010). Textural extremes (clay and sand) are also factors that limit the growth of the banana root (Aguirre et al 2012).…”