Composite Drug Delivery System Based on Amorphous Calcium Phosphate–Chitosan: An Efficient Antimicrobial Platform for Extended Release of Tetracycline

Abstract

One major warning emerging during the first worldwide combat against healthcare-associated infections concerns the key role of the surface in the storage and transfer of the virus. Our study is based on the laser coating of surfaces with an inorganic/organic composite mixture of amorphous calcium phosphate–chitosan–tetracycline that is able to fight against infectious agents, but also capable of preserving its activity for a prolonged time, up to several days. The extended release in simulated fluids of the composite mixture containing the drug (tetracycline) was demonstrated by mass loss and UV–VIS investigations. The drug release profile from our composite coatings proceeds via two stages: an initial burst release (during the first hours), followed by a slower evolution active for the next 72 h, and probably more. Optimized coatings strongly inhibit the growth of tested bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli), while the drug incorporation has no impact on the in vitro composite’s cytotoxicity, the coatings proving an excellent biocompatibility sustaining the normal development of MG63 bone-like cells. One may, therefore, consider that the proposed coatings’ composition can open the prospective of a new generation of antimicrobial coatings for implants, but also for nosocomial and other large area contamination prevention.

Calcium Phosphate Loaded Biopolymer Composites—A Comprehensive Review on the Most Recent Progress and Promising Trends

“…The most frequently applied CaP phases in these composites are hydroxyapatite (HAp), αand β-tricalcium phosphates, (TCP), and the nanocrystalline or amorphous apatites (see Figure 1). The combination of natural chitosan with pure or modified calcium phosphates has great potential in many biomedical fields including orthopedic, dental, and drug-carrier applications [73]. In these systems, the chitosan network acts as a matrix and encloses the CaP particles [74].…”

Polysaccharide-Based Coatings as Drug Delivery Systems

“…Visan et al [ 85 ] developed for orthopedic application an effective way to fight infectious agents with their Antimicrobial Platform for Extended Release of Tetracycline. They used laser coating to apply an inorganic/organic composite mixture of amorphous calcium phosphate–chitosan–tetracycline onto surfaces.…”

“…The optimized coatings strongly inhibit the growth of Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) bacteria while maintaining an excellent biocompatibility and normal development of bone-like maintain MG63 cells. The proposed composition [ 85 ] of coatings has the potential to develop a new generation of antimicrobial coatings for medical implants and the prevention of nosocomial and large-scale contamination.…”

Polymeric Coatings for Drug Delivery by Medical Devices

“…Anita Visan et al [108] proposed a multidrug combination therapy for local and sustained delivery of tetracycline with antimicrobial action, while simultaneously inhibiting the drug's resistance mechanisms and promoting bone regeneration and growth.…”