Composites of Nanoporous Gold and Polymer

Wang, Ke; Weißmüller, J.

doi:10.1002/adma.201203740

Cited by 95 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The vision of structural materials made by dealloying is therefore not entirely out of the question. The mechanical behavior of these materials can be significantly improved when the pore space is infiltrated with a second phase, such as epoxy resin 41 or a second metal. 42 Details of the topology in the corrosion-made network of nanoscale ligaments are crucial for their mechanical behavior.…”

Section: Mechanical Behavior Controlled By Topology and Interfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dealloyed nanoporous materials with interface-controlled behavior

2018

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Section: Mechanical Behavior Controlled By Topology and Interfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dealloyed nanoporous materials with interface-controlled behavior

2018

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“…Compression tests with mm-sized composite samples from NPG and bisphenol-F epoxy confirmed that the impregnation suppresses the density change along with the compressive strain hardening. 18 The compression tests also revealed that the large …”

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confidence: 98%

“…The brittle behavior has been linked to a tension-compression asymmetry of the mechanical behavior of porous bodies: while densification of the network implies strain hardening in compression, density loss in tension results in work softening. 18 This latter behavior implies a plastic instability with shear localization and brittle failure in tension. A materials design strategy that prevents the density change under load impregnates is impregnating the pore space with a ductile but lightweight phase, such as a polymer.…”

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Nanoporous-gold-based composites: toward tensile ductility

et al. 2015

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We report on mechanical tests on interpenetrating-phase nanocomposite materials made by vacuum impregnation of nanoscale metal networks with a polymer. The metal component is nanoporous gold made by dealloying, whereas two epoxy resins and polyurethane are explored as the polymer component. The composites are strong and deformable in compression. Although previous observations invariably indicate tensile brittleness for nanoporous gold, composite samples made from cm-sized nanoporous samples enable macroscopic tensile and four-point bending tests that show ductility. This implies that the high strength of individual metal objects such as nanowires can now be incorporated into a strong and ductile material from which macroscopic things can be formed. In fact, a rule-of-mixture-type analysis of the stresses carried by the metal phase suggests quantitative agreement with data reported from separate experiments on small-scale gold nanostructures. NPG Asia Materials (2015) 7, e187; doi:10.1038/am.2015.58; published online 12 June 2015 INTRODUCTION Nanoporous metals made by dealloying 1-3 take the form of monolithic bodies consisting of an interconnected network of nanoscale 'ligaments' in a polycrystalline microstructure with typically 10 to 100 μm grain size. 4,5 The material is under study as a model material for clarifying the deformation mechanisms and mechanical properties of small-scale metal bodies such as nanowires or nanopillars. [5][6][7][8][9][10] In principle, nanoporous gold (NPG) offers the opportunity of incorporating the extremely high strength that has been reported for individual metal nanostructures, such as nanowires, 6,11-13 into a design strategy for a material that is amenable to the shaping of technologically relevant macroscopic bodies. Yet, whereas micro-scale and, more recently, macroscale nanoporous metal samples show excellent deformability in compression, 5,14 tension and bending studies so far have invariably indicated macroscopically brittle failure. 1,5,[15][16][17] This seems to prevent hopes of applying nanoporousmetal-based materials in technology. The brittle behavior has been linked to a tension-compression asymmetry of the mechanical behavior of porous bodies: while densification of the network implies strain hardening in compression, density loss in tension results in work softening. 18 This latter behavior implies a plastic instability with shear localization and brittle failure in tension. A materials design strategy that prevents the density change under load impregnates is impregnating the pore space with a ductile but lightweight phase, such as a polymer. Compression tests with mm-sized composite samples from NPG and bisphenol-F epoxy confirmed that the impregnation suppresses the density change along with the compressive strain hardening. 18 The compression tests also revealed that the large

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“…Stress-strain behavior of NPG-empirical findings Several studies have investigated the dependency of the yield and flow behavior [2,7,11,13,16,21,23] as well as the stiffness [32,33] of NPG on L. Compression tests on highly deformable macroscopic samples are particularly meaningful, since they also afford an inspection of the variation of plastic and elastic properties as the microstructure changes during compression. Figure 3 illustrates this for a set of NPG samples with L = 20, 40, 150 nm.…”

Section: Microstructurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…After initial studies of NPG used small-scale testing schemes, [2,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18] it is now possible to make cm-size samples that can be subjected conventional macroscopic compression [7,11,[19][20][21][22] or even tension [11,23,24] tests. The large strain that is reached in compression affords testing protocols comprising, for example, strainrate jumps [7] or load-unload segments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoporous Gold—Testing Macro-scale Samples to Probe Small-scale Mechanical Behavior

Mameka¹,

Wang

Markmann

et al. 2015

Materials Research Letters

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Nanoporous gold made by dealloying exemplifies how the exciting mechanical properties of nanoscale objects can be exploited in designing materials from which macroscopic things can be formed. The homogeneous microstructure and the possibility of adjusting the ligament size, L, between few and few hundred nm, along with the high deformability and reproducible mechanical behavior predestine the material for model studies of small-scale plasticity using reliable macroscopic testing schemes on mm-or cm-size samples. Such experiments tend to agree with the Gibson-Ashby scaling relation for strength versus solid fraction, while suggesting an essentially L −1 scaling of the local strength of the ligaments. By contrast, the elastic compliance is dramatically enhanced compared to the Gibson-Ashby relation for the stiffness. Contrary to intuition, the anomalously compliant behavior of the nanomaterial goes along with a trend for more stiffness at smaller L. This article discusses surface excess elasticity, nonlinear elastic behavior and specifically shear instability of the bulk, network connectivity, and the surface chemistry as relevant issues which deserve further study.

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Composites of Nanoporous Gold and Polymer

Cited by 95 publications

References 29 publications

Dealloyed nanoporous materials with interface-controlled behavior

Dealloyed nanoporous materials with interface-controlled behavior

Nanoporous-gold-based composites: toward tensile ductility

Nanoporous Gold—Testing Macro-scale Samples to Probe Small-scale Mechanical Behavior

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