Composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils of Artemisia judaica, A. herba-alba and A. arborescens from Libya

Abstract

The essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of Artemisia judaica L., Artemisia herba-alba Asso. and Artemisia arborescens L. (cultivated) from Libya, were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The antimicrobial properties were determined using the broth microdilution method against eight bacterial species: Bacillus cereus (clinical isolate), Micrococcus flavus (ATCC10240), Listeria monocytogenes (NCTC7973), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC6538), Escherichia coli (ATCC35210), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC27853), Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC13311), Enterobacter cloacae (human isolates) and eight fungal species: Aspergillus niger (ATCC6275), A. ochraceus (ATCC12066), A. versicolor (ATCC11730), A. fumigatus (ATCC1022), Penicillium ochrochloron (ATCC9112), P. funiculosum (ATCC10509), Trichoderma viride (IAM5061) and Candida albicans (human isolate). The major constituents of A. arborescens oil were sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (47.4%). Oxygenated monoterpenes were the dominant constituents in the A. judaica and A. herba-alba oils (54.2% and 77.3%, respectively). Camphor (24.7%) and chamazulene (20.9%) were the major components in the essential oil of A. arborescens, chrysanthenone (20.8%), cis-chrysanthenyl acetate (17.6%) and cis-thujone (13.6%) dominated in the A. herba-alba oil, and the major constituents in the A. judaica oil were piperitone (30.21%) and cis-chrysanthenol (9.1%). The best antimicrobial activity was obtained for A. judaica oil and the lowest effect was noticed in A. arborescens oil. The effect of the tested oils was higher against Gram (+) than Gram (-) bacteria. All three oils showed the best antibacterial activity against Listeria monocytogenes and the lowest against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, compared to streptomycin and ampicillin. All three oils showed better antifungal activities than ketoconazole, except A. arborescens oil against Aspergillus niger. [Projekat Ministarstv nauke Republike Srbije, br. 173029 and Grant No. 173032]

Antifungal and antibacterial activities of Petroselinum crispum essential oil

“…The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) obtained from the susceptibility test (Espinel-Ingroff, 2001) was also determined by the colorimetric microbial viability assay based on the reduction of INT (p-iodonitrotetrazolium violet) [2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyltetrazolium chloride; Sigma] color and compared with positive controls for each bacterial strain (Janaćković et al, 2015). The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was determined by 2 µL serial sub-cultivation into microtiter plates containing 100 µL TSB per well and further incubation for 24 h. The lowest concentration without growth was defined as the MBC, indicating 99.5% killing of the original inoculum.…”

“…Fungi were maintained on malt agar medium culture, stored at 4°C, and sub-cultured once a month. In order to investigate antifungal activity, a modified microdilution technique was used (Espinel-Ingroff, 2001;Janaćković et al, 2015). Fungal spores were washed from the agar plate surface with sterile saline solution (8.5 mg/mL) containing Tween 80 (1 mg/mL).…”

In-Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Herbal Extracts From Tabuk Region (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia) Against Nosomial Pathogens: A Preliminary Study

“…10, No. 3;2018 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 500 mg/ml 250 mg/ml Staphylococcus aureus 1000 mg/ml 500 mg/ml Candida albicans 1000 mg/ml 500 mg/ml Caralluma quadrangula Escherichia coli 500 mg/ml 250 mg/ml Pseudomonas aeruginosa 500 mg/ml 250 mg/ml Staphylococcus aureus 1000 mg/ml 500 mg/ml Candida albicans 1000 mg/ml 500 mg/ml Rhyza stricta Escherichia coli 500 mg/ml 500 mg/ml Pseudomonas aeruginosa 500 mg/ml 250 mg/ml Staphylococcus aureus 1000 mg/ml 500 mg/ml Candida albicans 1000 mg/ml 500 mg/ml Moringa Escherichia coli 1000 mg/ml 500 mg/ml Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1000 mg/ml 500 mg/ml Staphylococcus aureus 1000 mg/ml 500 mg/ml Candida albicans 1000 mg/ml 500 mg/ml …”

“…A study presented results that supported future research on Artemisia judaica including its synergistic and antimicrobial properties. These herbs are extensively applied in the field of medicine, food industry, and agriculture (Janackovic et al, 2015). Muhaidat, et al (2015) represented the antibacterial activities and phytochemical composition of important oils, extracted from two jordanian cleome species Cleome species, C. droserifolia and C. trinervia.…”

“…10, No. 3;2018 (ATCC) strains of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans were used. All microbial work was conducted in accordance with guidelines of the NCCLS.…”