Composition and Comparison of the Ocular Surface Microbiome in Infants and Older Children

Cavuoto, Kara M.; Banerjee, Santanu; Miller, Darlene; Galor, Anat

doi:10.1167/tvst.7.6.16

Cited by 45 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The detection of Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, Propionibacterium, and Haemophilus at the conjunctiva in this cohort was also coherent with other 16S amplicon sequencing-based studies. 19,20 As these genera were shared by most ocular samples, our data supported the existence of core microbiome in human conjunctiva in the pediatric population. 21 Besides, more Bacteroidetes, Deinococcus-Thermus, and Cyanobacteria were present in ocular surfaces than the nasopharyngeal ones among the controls.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Although the percentages of these phyla were not high and were not considered as part of the substantial core, these phyla accounted for >1% of SVs, suggesting that it is less likely the detection of these phyla was due to environmental contamination. The difference of the age range of subjects recruited might explain the discrepancy of proportion of these phyla compared to the other studies …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…The difference of the age range of subjects recruited might explain the discrepancy of proportion of these phyla compared to the other studies. 20 Among children with ARC, the nasopharyngeal microbiome displayed a higher alpha diversity compared to that of healthy subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of ocular and nasopharyngeal microbiome in allergic rhinoconjunctivitis

Yau

Hou

Tsui

et al. 2019

Pediatric Allergy Immunology

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Background Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (ARC) is a prevalent allergic condition in the pediatric population. Microbial dysbiosis has increasingly been recognized to influence on host immunity and allergic diseases. However, the microbial profile of ARC has not been characterized. This cross‐sectional study aims to evaluate the changes in nasal and ocular surface microbiome of children with ARC. Methods Ocular and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from controls and pediatric ARC cases for 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. The bacterial community profile was analyzed. The correlation of the microbial diversity with the ARC‐related clinical scores was studied. Results A total of 23 patients with ARC and 17 healthy controls were recruited;30 were ocular samples (15 controls vs 15 ARC), while 40 were nasal samples (17controls vs 23 ARC) The alpha diversity of nasopharyngeal microbiome was significantly higher in ARC patients than healthy controls (P < 0.01), but not for ocular microbiome. The clinical scores in all subjects were negatively correlated with the Shannon diversity for ocular (P = 0.014) and positively correlated with nasopharyngeal (P = 0.010) microbiome. While the ocular microbiome remained significantly distinct from nasopharyngeal microbiome in terms of both alpha and beta diversity in both healthy subjects and ARC patients, significant differences of relative abundance of certain phyla (Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, and Deinococcus‐Thermus) and genera (Dolosigranulum and Moraxella) between nasal and ocular surfaces were only detected in healthy controls, but not in the ARC subjects, suggesting the microbial composition at both body sites becoming more similar at disease state. Conclusion This study reported (a) a higher alpha diversity in ocular than nasopharyngeal microbiome in both ARC patients and controls, and (b) nasopharyngeal microbiome became more diverse in ARC patients than in controls. Our results suggested an interaction of the microbiome between ocular and nasal compartments in patients with ARC.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

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Characterization of ocular and nasopharyngeal microbiome in allergic rhinoconjunctivitis

Yau

Hou

Tsui

et al. 2019

Pediatric Allergy Immunology

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“…For culturing the normal conjunctival flora, the coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CNS) is the most predominant 11,12 . In our study, the CNS was also most predominant in the cultures of CL cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence of Acanthamoeba and diversified bacterial flora in poorly maintained contact lens cases

Miyazaki

Eguchi

Kuwahara

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Acanthamoeba can cause visually destructive Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) in contact lens (CL) users. The purpose of this study was to determine whether Acanthamoeba was present in the CL cases of CL wearers and to develop techniques to prevent the contaminations. To accomplish this, 512 CL case samples were collected from 305 healthy CL wearers. Using real-time PCR, Acanthamoeba DNA was detected in 19.1% of CL cases, however their presence was not directly associated with poor CL case care. Instead, the presence of Acanthamoeba DNA was associated with significant levels of many different bacterial species. When the CL cases underwent metagenomic analysis, the most abundant bacterial orders were Enterobacteriales followed by Burkholderiales, Pseudomonadales, and Flavobacteriales. The presence of Acanthamoeba was characterized by Propionibacterium acnes and Rothia aeria and was also associated with an increase in the α diversity. Collectively, Acanthamoeba contamination occurs when a diversified bacterial flora is present in CL cases. This can effectively be prevented by careful and thorough CL case care. Acanthamoeba is a free-living amoeba and is a representative pathogen that can cause keratitis. Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) is a visually devastating disease and is refractory to conventional treatments. Thus, AK often requires corneal transplantation. Acanthamoeba can also cause granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE). Although the incidence of GAE is rare, the mortality rate is almost 90% because of difficulties in diagnosing and treating it 1. AK is known to have strong associations with poor care of contact lenses (CL) and CL cases. When CL users engage in water activities, e.g., bathing or swimming, while wearing CL, there is a significant risk of AK 2,3. Acanthamoeba is a ubiquitous microorganism that is found in water supply systems, water sources including rivers, lakes, swimming pools, and also in soil 4,5. It has been reported that Acanthamoeba contamination of the rivers supplying water to the population was the cause of increased AK occurrences 6. For example, the river water supply in Iran was contaminated with Acanthamoeba, and almost 22% of river samples were PCR-positive for Acanthamoeba 6. In an analysis of the drinking water storage towers of Paris, approximately 20 to 25 Acanthamoebae were detected per liter 1. Thus, tap water can pose risks for AK contact together with inappropriate CL care for the general population without engagement in water activity 7,8 .

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“…Recently, profiling of the ocular surface has demonstrated an important connection between eye health and the microbiota . The majority of these studies focused on phenotypic and transcriptional analyses; however, using label‐free quantitative proteomics of eye wash samples, we demonstrated a “gut‐eye axis” .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Label‐Free Quantitative Proteomics Distinguishes General and Site‐Specific Host Responses to Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection at the Ocular Surface

2020

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Mass spectrometry-based proteomics enables the unbiased and sensitive profiling of cellular proteomes and extracellular environments. Recent technological and bioinformatic advances permit identifying dual biological systems in a single experiment, supporting investigation of infection from both the host and pathogen perspectives. At the ocular surface, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is commonly associated with biofilm formation and inflammation of the ocular tissues, causing damage to the eye. The interaction between P. aeruginosa and the immune system at the site of infection describes limitations in clearance of infection and enhanced pathogenesis. Here, the extracellular environment (eye wash) of murine ocular surfaces infected with a clinical isolate of P. aeruginosa is profiled and neutrophil marker proteins are detected, indicating neutrophil recruitment to the site of infection. The first potential diagnostic markers of P. aeruginosa-associated keratitis are also identified. In addition, the deepest murine corneal proteome to date is defined and proteins, categories, and networks critical to the host response are detected. Moreover, the first identification of bacterial proteins attached to the ocular surface is reported. The findings are validated through in silico comparisons and enzymatic profiling. Overall, the work provides comprehensive profiling of the host-pathogen interface and uncovers differences between general and site-specific host responses to infection.

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Composition and Comparison of the Ocular Surface Microbiome in Infants and Older Children

Cited by 45 publications

References 40 publications

Characterization of ocular and nasopharyngeal microbiome in allergic rhinoconjunctivitis

Characterization of ocular and nasopharyngeal microbiome in allergic rhinoconjunctivitis

Presence of Acanthamoeba and diversified bacterial flora in poorly maintained contact lens cases

Label‐Free Quantitative Proteomics Distinguishes General and Site‐Specific Host Responses to Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection at the Ocular Surface

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