Composition and structure of the parasite faunas of cod, Gadus morhua L. (Teleostei: Gadidae), in the North East Atlantic

Perdiguero-Alonso, Diana; Montero, Francisco E.; Raga, Juan Antonio; Kostadinova, Aneta

doi:10.1186/1756-3305-1-23

Cited by 47 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…It is divided into an eastern and western stock with a mixing zone around the island of Bornholm (Bagge et al 1994, Hüssy et al 2016. During recent years a marked increase in the infection level of third-stage larvae of Contracaecum osculatum and Pseudoterranova decipiens in Baltic cod has been observed (Perdiguero-Alonso et al 2008, Buchmann & Kania 2012, Haarder et al 2014, Mehrdana et al 2014, Nadolna & Podolska 2014. This development has been noted during a period with a marked increase of the grey seal Halichoerus grypus population (Haarder et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host size-dependent anisakid infection in Baltic cod Gadus morhua associated with differential food preferences

Zuo

Huwer²,

Bahlool

et al. 2016

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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A significant increase in the infection level of Baltic cod Gadus morhua with the anisakid nematode larvae Contracaecum osculatum and Pseudoterranova decipiens has been recorded during recent years due to the expanding local population of grey seals Halichoerus grypus, which act as final hosts for these parasites. Here, we report from an investigation of 368 cod (total length [TL] 6−49 cm; caught in ICES Subdivision 25) that the infection level of juvenile cod (TL 6−30 cm) with larvae of C. osculatum and P. decipiens is absent or very low, whereas it increases drastically in larger cod (TL 31−48 cm). A third nematode Hysterothylacium aduncum was rarely found. The study indicates that the prey animals for large cod act as transport hosts for the parasite larvae. Analyses of stomach contents of cod caught in the same area (2007−2014) showed that small benthic organisms (including polychaetes Harmothoë sarsi) are preferred food items by small cod, the isopod Saduria entomon is taken by all size classes, and sprat Sprattus sprattus are common prey items for cod larger than 30 cm. Parasitological investigations (microscopic and molecular analyses) of H. sarsi (100 specimens) and S. entomon (40 specimens) did not reveal infection in these invertebrates, but 11.6% of sprat (265 specimens examined) was shown to be infected with 1−8 C. osculatum third stage larvae per fish. Analyses of sprat stomach contents confirmed that copepods and cladocerans are the main food items of sprat. These observations suggest that the C. osculatum life cycle in the Baltic Sea includes grey seals as final hosts, sprat as the first transport host and cod as second transport host. It may be speculated that sprat obtain infection by feeding on copepods and/or cladocerans, which could serve as the first intermediate hosts. One cannot exclude the possibility that the size-dependent C. osculatum infection of cod may contribute (indirectly or directly) to the differential mortality of larger cod (> 38 cm) compared to smaller cod (< 30 cm) recently recorded in the Baltic cod population.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host size-dependent anisakid infection in Baltic cod Gadus morhua associated with differential food preferences

Zuo

Huwer²,

Bahlool

et al. 2016

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…Brazil imports salted cod mainly from Norway and Portugal, and according to Brazil's Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture, 45 million tons were sold in 2011 (BRASIL, 2013). These fish are known to host different helminth parasites, including anisakid nematodes (CHANDRA & KHAN, 1988;HEMMINGSEN & MACKENZIE, 2001; PERDIGUERO-ALONSO et al, 2008;CATALANO et al, 2014;MEHRDANA et al, 2014). In addition to G. morhua and G. macrocephalus, other species of salted fish are sold erroneously as cod in Brazil, namely saithe Pollachius virens (Linnaeus, 1758), ling Molva molva (Linnaeus, 1758) and tusk (zarbo) Brosme brosme (Ascanius, 1772) (LIMA & SANT'ANA, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Members of the Anisakidae Skrjabin & Karokhin, 1945 in cod include species of the genus Pseudoterranova Mozgovoi, 1950, whose larvae reportedly cause human anisakiasis and pseudoterranoviasis through the ingestion of inadequately cooked fish (MATTIUCCI & NASCETTI, 2008;PERDIGUERO-ALONSO et al, 2008;TIMI et al, 2014). Although this genus has been known mainly in terms of the species complex Pseudoterranova decipiens (sensu lato), it actually includes the following species: Pseudoterranova decipiens Krabbe, 1878 (sensu stricto); P. krabbei Paggi, Mattiucci, Gibson, Berland, Nascetti, Cianchi & Bullini, 2000;P.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and molecular diagnosis of Pseudoterranova decipiens (sensu stricto) (Anisakidae) in imported cod sold in Brazil

Mafra

Mantovani

Borges³

et al. 2015

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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An anisakid nematode larva found in cod sold in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil was studied by light and scanning electron microscopy and by a molecular approach. Mitochondrial cytochrome c-oxidase subunit 2 (mtDNA cox-2), 28S rRNA and ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2 regions were amplified using the polymerase chain reaction and sequenced to evaluate the phylogenetic relationships of the larva. The genetic profile confirmed that this larva belongs to the species Pseudoterranova decipiens (sensu stricto). This is the first molecular and ultrastructural study of Pseudoterranova decipiens (sensu stricto) in imported cod sold in Brazil. The health implications of these findings are discussed.Keywords: Anisakiasis, codworm, food safety, public health. ResumoUma larva de Nematoda anisakídeo encontrada em bacalhau comercializado no Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil foi estudada por microscopias de luz e eletrônica de varredura e por uma abordagem molecular. As regiões da subunidade 2 da citocromo c-oxidase mitocondrial (mtDNA cox-2), 28S rRNA e ITS1, 5.8S e ITS2 foram amplificadas usando a reação em cadeia da polimerase e sequenciadas para avaliar as relações filogenéticas da larva. O perfil genético confirmou que esta larva pertence à espécie Pseudoterranova decipiens (sensu stricto). Esse é o primeiro estudo molecular e ultraestrutural de Pseudoterranova decipiens (sensu stricto) de bacalhau importado vendido no Brasil. As implicações destes resultados para a saúde são discutidas.Palavras-chave: Anisakíase, bacalhau, segurança alimentar, saúde pública.

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“…Previous studies on captive North Sea cod larvae reported a related parasite fauna on a limited number of fish (Karlsbakk et al 2001, Perdiguero-Alonso et al 2008, Heuch et al 2011, but the present survey refers to an investigation of more than 5000 fish from a wild cod population. C. elongatus and H. aduncum were particularly prevalent and further analyses of these parasites were performed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Annual and spatial variability in endo- and ectoparasite infections of North Sea cod (Gadus morhua Linnaeus, 1758) larvae, post-larvae and juveniles

Mehrdana

Bahlool

Skovgaard

et al. 2014

Acta Parasitologica

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A parasitological investigation was performed on a total of 5380 Atlantic cod larvae, post-larvae and small juveniles sampled from the North Sea during a period of five years. The copepod Caligus elongatus (Von Nordmann, 1832) and the nematode Hysterothylacium aduncum (Rudolphi, 1802) were found at a relatively high prevalence of infection (4.6% and 5.2%, respectively). The infection by both parasites showed annual and spatial variability. C. elongatus showed a higher prevalence in 1992 compared to the following years, whereas the prevalence of H. aduncum increased from 1992 to 2001. We observed a relation between parasite distribution and parameters such as latitude and water depth. Adult digeneans (Lecithaster gibbosus and Derogenes varicus) and larval cestodes were also found with lower infection rates. Since changes of infection levels coincided with increasing North Sea water temperature in the studied period, it is hypothesized that temperature may affect parasite population levels. However, it is likely that other environmental factors may contribute to the observed variations. Absence of infection intensities higher than one nematode per fish in small larvae and post-larvae suggests that host survival may be affected by a high infection pressure. The relatively high levels of infection in the younger stages of cod, and the annual/spatial variability of these infections should be considered in the understanding of the early life dynamics of the species.

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Composition and structure of the parasite faunas of cod, Gadus morhua L. (Teleostei: Gadidae), in the North East Atlantic

Cited by 47 publications

References 69 publications

Host size-dependent anisakid infection in Baltic cod Gadus morhua associated with differential food preferences

Host size-dependent anisakid infection in Baltic cod Gadus morhua associated with differential food preferences

Morphological and molecular diagnosis of Pseudoterranova decipiens (sensu stricto) (Anisakidae) in imported cod sold in Brazil

Annual and spatial variability in endo- and ectoparasite infections of North Sea cod (Gadus morhua Linnaeus, 1758) larvae, post-larvae and juveniles

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