Composition Changes of Inclusions by Reaction with Slag and Refractory: A Review

Liu, Chunyang; Gao, Xu; Ueda, Shigeru; Guo, Muxing; Kitamura, Shin Ya

doi:10.2355/isijinternational.isijint-2019-695

Cited by 36 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 66 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…There are some discussions on the reactions for the formation of spinel inclusions from alumina inclusions. 12,35,37,[49][50][51] The possible reactions are listed in Eqs. (1)- (2).…”

Section: Formation Of Spinel Inclusions From Aluminamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(1)- (2). Due to the vanish of alumina inclusions and the sharp increase of spinel inclusions during LF refining, Liu et al 14,37,50) believed that Eq. (1) should be the reaction for the formation of spinel inclusions in industry.…”

Section: Formation Of Spinel Inclusions From Aluminamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent two decades, many publications 10,15,[17][18][19][23][24][25][26]37) reported that the existence of Ca in liquid steel would cause the transformation of spinel inclusions into calcium aluminate inclusions. In 2006, the laboratory experiments done by Kang et al 65) directly proved that spinel phase would transform into calcium aluminates with the effect of Ca, as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Effect Of Camentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2015, Zhang et al 36) discussed the accuracy of thermodynamic calculation using different methods. In 2019, some of the equilibrium constants used for the calculations were also summarized by Liu et al, 37) and scattered equilibrium constants can be found. At the same time, some experimental studies were also carried out aiming at the removal efficiency of spinel inclusions, and the removal behaviors were investigated, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some reviews on MgO•Al 2 O 3 spinel inclusions were published by Park et al 4) and Liu et al 37) These publications provide a lot of useful information to researchers and steelmakers. At the same time, due to the limited pages, some study progress on spinel inclusions as mentioned above was not involved in these papers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Formation, Evolution and Removal of MgO·Al2O3 Spinel Inclusions in Steel

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

MgO•Al 2 O 3 spinel inclusions are generally found in steel, and required be controlled during steelmaking process due to the influences on continuous casting and the quality of final products. The present review aims to give an overall picture on the formation, evolution and removal of spinel inclusions. In this review, the reported formation mechanisms are reclassified, and the effects of Ca, Ti and Mn as well as rare earth on the evolution of spinel inclusions are summarized. Different methods with thermodynamic data sheets are also introduced for the calculation of phase stability diagram. To explain the evolution route of inclusions in industry, the sources and the formation kinetics of dissolved Mg and Ca are discussed. In addition, the agglomeration, separation and dissolution behaviors of spinel inclusions are considered, and the advantages of spinel inclusions are also addressed. Based on literature survey, some suggestions on the control of inclusions are given as well.

show abstract

“…There are some discussions on the reactions for the formation of spinel inclusions from alumina inclusions. 12,35,37,[49][50][51] The possible reactions are listed in Eqs. (1)- (2).…”

Section: Formation Of Spinel Inclusions From Aluminamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Formation Of Spinel Inclusions From Aluminamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Camentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Formation, Evolution and Removal of MgO·Al2O3 Spinel Inclusions in Steel

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Laboratory Study on the Formation of Endogenous CaO‐Containing Inclusion in Gear Steel SCr420H during the Simulated LF Refining Process without Ca Treatment

Sun

Chen

et al. 2022

steel research int.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In steelmaking, CaO-containing inclusions exceeding 13 μm, which was named as "DS-type" inclusion in Chinese national standard GB/T-10 561-2005, should be controlled in Al-killed steel for automobile part (such as gears, bearings, and crankshaft) because it is easy to become a source of fatigue cracks in steel. [1][2][3][4][5] Monnot et al. [6] found that CaO-containing inclusion with larger size is more harmful than other type inclusions. In 2007, Kawakami et al. [7] proposed that intrinsic reaction is one of the important reasons for the formation of CaO-containing inclusion in the refining process. Miao et al. [8,9] found that spinel inclusion served as a core wrapped in some CaO-containing inclusion with large size, which indicates that these inclusions were transformed from the reaction between spinel inclusions and dissolved Ca in the molten steel during the refining process, and the researcher concluded that controlling the concentration of Ca, Al, and O in the molten steel can affect the formation of such inclusions. Some researchers of Baosteel [10][11][12] studied the formation mechanism of CaO-containing inclusion with large size and found that the concentration of Ca was an important factor for the formation of such inclusion in gear steel. They proposed that Ca treatment should be prohibited in the industrial production of gear steel. Jiang et al. [13] found that CaO-containing inclusion can collide and agglomerate at the solid-liquid interface and then form inclusions with a larger size during solidification. From the above research, it can be seen that the formation, agglomeration, and growth of endogenous CaO-containing inclusions with small size is one of the significant reasons for the formation of CaOcontaining inclusions with large size because there are sufficient kinetic conditions to promote the polymerization and growth of CaO-containing inclusions in industrial production. Therefore, it is a method to control CaO-containing inclusions with large size by preventing the increase of Ca concentration and the formation of large amounts of CaO-containing inclusions with small size.Much literature revealed the formation mechanism of CaO-containing inclusions in Al-killed steel. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] It can be summarized as 1) Ca treatment modified MgO-Al 2 O 3 and Al 2 O 3 to calcium aluminate inclusion [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] ; 2) High basicity slag supplied dissolved Ca to steel by slag-steel reaction and modified

show abstract

Evolution of Nonmetallic Inclusions in Ti‐Bearing Al‐Killed Steel during Heat Treatment at 1200 °C

Yang

Deng

Zhu

2023

steel research int.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To understand the evolution behaviors of the inclusions in Ti‐bearing Al‐killed steel, steel samples taken from a 20CrMnTi casting billet are heated at 1200 °C for different times, and the changes in composition, size, and numbers of the inclusions are investigated. Some modeling experiments are also designed to reveal the interaction between solid steel and inclusions using premelted slags. It is found that oxysulfide, sulfide, and nitride inclusions are detected in the casting billet before heating. During heating, small changes are observed in the types of inclusions, while the size of these inclusions increases with time. The Mn and S in steel transfer to the sulfide phase of these inclusions and further generate a (Ca, Mn)S solution. The Ti in steel replaces some of the Al element in the oxide part of the inclusions, resulting in the increase of TiOx content and the drop of Al2O3 content in the inclusions. When the TiOx content is sufficient, a thin layer of TiN is predicated at the edges of the oxide part. The reaction between the TiOx in inclusions and the N in steel plays a role in this evolution.

show abstract

Composition Changes of Inclusions by Reaction with Slag and Refractory: A Review

Cited by 36 publications

References 66 publications

Formation, Evolution and Removal of MgO·Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Spinel Inclusions in Steel

Formation, Evolution and Removal of MgO·Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Spinel Inclusions in Steel

Laboratory Study on the Formation of Endogenous CaO‐Containing Inclusion in Gear Steel SCr420H during the Simulated LF Refining Process without Ca Treatment

Evolution of Nonmetallic Inclusions in Ti‐Bearing Al‐Killed Steel during Heat Treatment at 1200 °C

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About