Compositional and kinetic study on the rapid crystallization of ZSM-5 in the absence of organic template under stirring

Kim, Shin Dong; Noh, Shi Hyun; Seong, K.H.; Kim, Wha Jung

doi:10.1016/j.micromeso.2004.04.024

Cited by 119 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…5. Hence, it is now well understood that this new template is beneficial over TPAOH template for the preparation of ZSM-5, as TBA decomposes into CO 2 and water in contrast to TPAOH (Decomposition products = NO x and NH 3 ) during the process of calcinations [11,14,19,20]. Moreover, TBA is cost economic than TPAOH making its use more attractive.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of tertiary butyl alcohol as template for the synthesis of ZSM-5 zeolite

Aziz

Kim

2015

J Porous Mater

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The synthesis of ZSM-5 zeolite in the presence of tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA) in aqueous medium was investigated. It was found that well crystallized zeolite of the ZSM-5 type was formed from the sol of silica and sodium aluminate in the presence of an aqueous solution of tertiary butyl alcohol at the temperature of 180°C in the course of 2 days hydrothermal reaction followed by 1 day aging time, with molar ratios of 1.5 TBA: 50.3 SiO 2 : 1.0 Al 2 O 3 : 6.2 Na 2 O and 1248 H 2 O. The proposed procedure yields pure ZSM-5 zeolites with high surface area and crystallinity confirmed by X-ray diffraction pattern, FTIR spectrum and SEM observations. The acidity strength was measured by NH 3 -TPD analysis and application to the abatement of phenol in the water was also studied. The results proved TBA as an excellent and novel structure directing agent for the preparation of ZSM-5 zeolites.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of tertiary butyl alcohol as template for the synthesis of ZSM-5 zeolite

Aziz

Kim

2015

J Porous Mater

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“…In our synthesis system, for the low Si/Al ratio (23), it has been found that the crystallization tends to direct the formation of MOR rather than MFI [17]. In addition, the secondary building units of the 4 MR in the MOR structure prefer more Al atoms with a larger radius as constructing tetrahedrons in comparison to Si atoms.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Synthesis of ultra-small mordenite zeolite nanoparticles

Shen

Cheng

et al. 2018

Sci. China Mater.

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The mordenite (MOR) nanoparticles (MNPs)with ultra-small crystallites (~30 nm) were synthesized by using tetraethylammonium bromide (TEAB) as structure directing agent at low temperature (403 K). The formation of MNPs was considered to be due to high concentration of TEAB and occurrence of limiting Ostwald ripening at low temperature. The MNPs exhibited not only higher catalytic activity at low temperature for selective catalytic reduction of NO x but also higher catalytic activity and longer lifetime for disproportionation of toluene than conventional MOR (c-MOR) bulk crystals.

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“…The high intensity of the peaks in the diffractograms for both ZSM-5 indicated significant crystallinity as compared to commercial sample (Table 1), even after the thermal processes used to obtain the protonated zeolites according to literature. 4,8,20 In Figure 2, the FTIR absorption spectra for the protonated zeolites from 4000 to 400 cm -1 are presented. All of the zeolites displayed a large, intense band near the 3445 cm -1 , which is assigned to siloxane and/or hydroxyl groups formed by water molecules physisorbed to the surface.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kim et al organized a crystallization field for the template-free ZSM-5; for the molar ratios of SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 = 50 and Na 2 O/SiO 2 = 0.12, only the ZSM-5 phase forms, corroborating the results in this work. 4,8 To evaluate the textural properties of the zeolites, specifically the microporosity, argon physisorption was carried out at 87.3 K (Figure 4). According to the pore size distribution (dV/dlogDp) obtained using the NL-DFT method, the first peak has a maximum close to 5.5 A and corresponds to the diameter of the characteristic micropores of ZSM-5.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,7 Using organic templates when synthesizing zeolites can cause problems, including high production costs, poisoning, air pollution and coke deposition on the catalyst after incomplete decomposition of the organic material. Consequently, many researchers have studied the synthesis of ZSM-5 without using templates, obtainig satisfactory results by varying the Si/Al ratio, 7 utilizing a hydrothermal synthesis with agitation, 8,9 comparing the syntheses under various templates, 4 using a two-step process that separates the nucleation step for crystallization, 3 using sulfuric acid, 10 using amorphous carbon and silica sources such as the rice hulls, 11 using a sol-gel method, 12 adding ZSM-11 seeds with a shorter crystallization time or using several sources of silicon, 13 aluminum and alkali metal cations. 14 Recently, a synthetic route for template-free ZSM-5, which was developed by Yu et al, involved inserting ZSM-11 seeds and decreasing the reaction time from 36 h to 12-16 h because the external surface area provided by the seeds accelerated the nucleation rate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of a Low-Cost Template-Free ZSM-5 for Atmospheric Petroleum Residue Pyrolysis

et al. 2016

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To understand the physicochemical properties and catalytic activity during the pyrolysis of atmospheric petroleum residue, a templatefree ZSM-5 zeolite was synthesized using a direct method without additional seeds or an organic structure director and compared with conventionally synthesized ZSM-5. The crystallinities of the two zeolites were evaluated by XRD and FTIR and were quite similar; however, structural analyses using SEM and argon physisorption revealed that the zeolites diverged in particle diameter and in the external surface area of the micropores. The synthesis procedure without a template incorporated additional aluminum into the crystalline network, according to ICP-AES and TPD NH 3 experiments. The catalytic pyrolysis performed over the template-free ZSM-5 generated results comparable to those for pyrolysis performed over the conventional ZSM-5 according to its hydrocarbon distribution. The selectivity to aromatics compounds was exactly the same for both ZSM-5 zeolites, and these values stand out compared to thermal pyrolysis. The template-free ZSM-5 produced 20% of light hydrocarbons (C 4 -C 6 ), where such compounds are olefins and paraffins of great interest to the petrochemical industry. Therefore, template-free ZSM-5 is promising for industrial use due to its lowered synthesis time, low-cost and significant distribution to light hydrocarbons.

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Compositional and kinetic study on the rapid crystallization of ZSM-5 in the absence of organic template under stirring

Cited by 119 publications

References 17 publications

Investigation of tertiary butyl alcohol as template for the synthesis of ZSM-5 zeolite

Investigation of tertiary butyl alcohol as template for the synthesis of ZSM-5 zeolite

Synthesis of ultra-small mordenite zeolite nanoparticles

Use of a Low-Cost Template-Free ZSM-5 for Atmospheric Petroleum Residue Pyrolysis

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