Compositional control of electrochromic properties in copolymers of N-vinylcarbazole and N-phenyl-2-(5′-vinyl-2′-thienyl)-5-(2″-thienyl)-pyrrole

Colours from electroactive polymers: Electrochromic, electroluminescent and laser devices based on organic materials

“…This represents one of the greatest advantages of choosing organic compounds rather than inorganic materials. In fact, colour control in electrochromic polymers can be easily achieved by following several strategies, such as group substitution (monomer functionalisation) aimed to modify the polymer conjugation lengths, copolymerisation of distinct monomers, as well as formation of blends, laminates or composites [31,[33][34][35].…”

“…The composite approach for colour control is frequently adopted in order to obtain polyelectrochromic devices, by combining materials with different colour regions [31,33,35]. Moreover, composites between organic and inorganic materials are also used, not only for multicolour devices but also to decrease driving potentials; several examples have been reported, such as the combination of PAni with the inorganic complex [Fe III Fe II (CN) 6 ] À (commonly termed 'Prussian blue') leading to blue-green electrochromic devices [21,32,[37][38][39].…”

Multielectrochromic property of N-phenylnaphthalen-2-amine and N-(4-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)phenyl)-N-phenylnaphthalen-2-amine

“…Electrochromic (EC) materials are well-known nowadays because of their broad applications in smart windows [1], electrochromic displays [2,3], chameleon materials [4][5][6], and promising sensors [7]. Arylamine-based polymers are widely used as the hole-transport layer in electroluminescent diodes, but they also show interesting electrochromic behaviors.…”

The application of triphenylamine-based hole-transporting materials in electrochromic devices

“…This interesting property led to the many applications such as automatic anti-glazing mirror [1], smart windows [2], electrochromic displays [3,4], and chameleon materials [5][6][7]. Up to date, a wide variety of electrochromic materials have been developed, which included inorganic metal oxides such as tungsten trioxide (WO 3 ) or iridium dioxide (IrO 2 ) [8], mixed-valence metal complexes such as Prussian blue [9], small organic molecules such as viologen and phthalocyanine derivatives, and conjugated conducting polymers [10][11][12][13][14].…”