“…The general formula of orthoferrites is ABO 3 , where A is the rare earth elements, i.e., La 3+ , Nd 3+ , Sm 3+ , and Gd 3+ ; B is the transition metal, i.e., Fe 3+ ; and O 2- is the oxygen ion. Multiferroic materials such as BiFeO 3 , NdFeO 3 , SmFeO 3 , and LaFeO 3 have ferroelectric and magnetic orders 2 – 5 . The applications of ABO 3 are spintronics, data storage media, high-frequency devices, water purification, and photocatalysis 6 – 10 .…”