Composting of municipal solid waste

Abstract

This paper reviews the literature on the composting process, which is one of the technological options for the processing of municipal solid wastes (MSWs). The process assumes a great significance, particularly from the point of its economic viability, capability for recycling of nutrients and waste minimization with minimum environmental problems. A number of studies on various aspects of the composting process, including process control and monitoring parameters such as temperature, pH, moisture content, aeration, and porosity are reviewed. Salient observations on microbial properties of composting are described and details of vermicomposting, as well as a detailed analysis of patents on composting of MSW, are presented.

Polioviruses and other Enteroviruses

“…In upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors startup may take 2 to 8 months (Chong et al, 2012). Energy recovered from the biogas produced by anaerobic processing is a useful byproduct but is not sufficient by itself to justify anaerobic processing for energy recovery (Kumar, 2011). Combining a mesophilic anaerobic and a thermophilic aerobic processor increased methane production by 24-fold when the feed sludge and recirculated sludge received thermal alkaline pretreated together (Cho et al, 2013).…”

Anaerobic degradation of municipal organic waste among others composting techniques improves N cycling through waste-soil-plant continuum

“…For such waste, optimized biological processes or means for waste reduction, reuse and recovery would be preferable. These processes convert the green waste or food leftover in to organic fertilizers such as compost (Favoino and Hogg, 2008;Hargreaves et al, 2008b;Boldrin et al, 2009Kumar, 2011) that may fulfill the increasing demand of chemical fertilizers for crop production in Pakistan, which is about 13% annually (Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, 2016).…”

Metabarcoding analysis of home composts reveals distinctive fungal communities with a high number of unassigned sequences

“…This practice has gained worldwide importance as a way of managing organic waste and decomposing it into a beneficial product that can be used for improving soil quality and fertility (Kumar, 2011;Sykes et al, 2007). Whilst the majority of composting activities are carried out in large-scale industrial plants where green and municipal solid waste is processed centrally (Areikin et al, 2012), small-scale home or 'yard' composting has been used for years by gardeners and horticulturists as a way to manage domestic waste and produce their own fertilizer (Smith & Jasim, 2009).…”