Compound Specific Isotope Analysis (CSIA) for chlorine and bromine: A review of techniques and applications to elucidate environmental sources and processes

Spatio-temporal variations of sea surface halocarbon concentrations and fluxes from southern Yellow Sea

“…Once emitted to the atmosphere, the halogen-containing VHOC are broken down by photolysis or interaction with OH -or Cl -radicals to release inorganic chlorine and bromine. These halogens take part in reactions that decrease ozone levels of the atmosphere (McGivern et al 2000;Nielsen and Douglass 2001;Laturnus et al 2002;Wang et al 2007) and have implications for the climate Cincinelli et al 2012). Therefore, field investigation data from various marine ecosystems are required to understand VHOC production processes and the role of marine VHOC in global climate change.…”

Application of hydrochemistry and stable isotopes (δ34S, δ18O and δ37Cl) to trace natural and anthropogenic influences on the quality of groundwater in the piedmont region, Shijiazhuang, China

“…Various Cl À sources such as sea salts, Cl-bearing minerals, atmospheric deposition, and Cl-containing compounds could possess different isotopic composition of chloride (Cincinelli et al, 2012;Eggenkamp, 2014;Kaufmann et al, 1984;Sturchio et al, 2012). In addition, d 37 Cl values can be influenced by mixing of multiple sources during the transportation or by isotopic fractionation in the process of diffusion or ion filtration (Eggenkamp, 2014;Kaufmann, 1984;Yamanaka et al, 2014).…”

Lipids in Marine Ecosystems

“…To determine isotope ratios in individual compounds the GC is interfaced directly to an IRMS via an in-line combustion oven and a gas purification system [10]. GCcombustion-IRMS is used to characterize the origin and fate of compounds, their breakdown products, and degradation rates in different environments and almost all studies have focussed on determination of isotopes of C ( 13 C/ 12 C) and H ( 2 H/ 1 H), but new methodologies have been developed to measure isotopes of Cl and Br [12]. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is also used to separate organic compounds, especially pigments and it also can be coupled with mass spectrometry [10], and Thermo Scientific now provides an interface connecting HPLC with IRMS.…”